InetAddress类的使用
一、实现网络通信需要解决的两个问题:
- 如何准确地定位网络上一台或多台主机;定位主机上的特定的应用
- 找到主机后如何可靠高效地进行数据传输
二、网络通信的两个要素:
- 对应问题一:IP和端口号
- 对应问题二:提供网络通信协议:TCP/IP参考模型(应用层、传输层、网络层、物理+数据链路层)
三、通信要素一:IP和端口号
-
IP的理解:
- IP:唯一的标识 Internet 上的计算机(通信实体)
- 在Java中使用InetAddress类代表IP
- IP分类:IPv4 和 IPv6 ; 万维网 和 局域网
- 域名: www.baidu.com www.mi.com www.sina.com www.jd.com (域名解析:域名容易记忆,当在连接网络时输入一个主机的域名后,域名服务器(DNS)负责将域名转化成IP地址,这样才能和主机建立连接)
- 本地回路地址:127.0.0.1 对应着:localhost
-
InetAddress类:此类的一个对象就代表着一个具体的IP地址
- 实例化:getByName(String host) 、 getLocalHost()(单例模式)
- 常用方法:getHostName() 、getHostAddress()
-
端口号:正在计算机上运行的进程。 要求:不同的进程不同的端口号 范围:被规定为一个 16 位的整数 0~65535 端口号与IP地址的组合得出一个网络套接字:Socket
四、通信要素二:网络通信协议
- 分类模型
- TCP和UDP的区别
- TCP三次握手和四次挥手
TCP网络编程
代码示例1:客户端发送信息给服务端,服务端将数据显示在控制台上
package 网络编程;
import com.sun.xml.internal.messaging.saaj.util.ByteOutputStream;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TCPTest1 {
@Test
public void client() {
Socket socket= null;
OutputStream os= null;
try {
InetAddress inet=InetAddress.getByName("192.168.1.9");
socket = new Socket(inet,8801);
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好!我是客户端".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
@Test
public void server() {
ServerSocket ss= null;
Socket socket= null;
InputStream is= null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos= null;
try {
ss = new ServerSocket(8801);
socket = ss.accept();
is = socket.getInputStream();
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer=new byte[5];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos);
System.out.println("获取到"+socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress()+"的数据");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (baos!=null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (ss!=null){
try {
ss.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
代码示例2:客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端将文件保存在本地。
package 网络编程;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TCPTest2 {
@Test
public void client() {
Socket socket= null;
OutputStream os= null;
BufferedInputStream bis=null;
try {
InetAddress inet=InetAddress.getByName("192.168.1.9");
socket = new Socket(inet,8801);
os = socket.getOutputStream();
bis=new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File("img_client.jpg")));
byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=bis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
socket.shutdownOutput();
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos=new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer1=new byte[5];
int len1;
while ((len1=is.read(buffer1))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer1,0,len1);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (bis!=null){
try {
bis.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
@Test
public void server() {
ServerSocket ss= null;
Socket socket= null;
InputStream is= null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos= null;
BufferedOutputStream bos=null;
try {
ss = new ServerSocket(8801);
socket = ss.accept();
is = socket.getInputStream();
bos=new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(new File("img_server.jpg")));
byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
bos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
socket.shutdownInput();
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我是服务器!已接收到图片".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (bos!=null){
try {
bos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (baos!=null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (ss!=null){
try {
ss.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
代码示例3:从客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端保存到本地。并返回“发送成功”给客户端。并关闭相应的连接。
package 网络编程;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TCPTest3 {
@Test
public void client() {
Socket socket= null;
OutputStream os= null;
BufferedInputStream bis=null;
try {
InetAddress inet=InetAddress.getByName("192.168.1.9");
socket = new Socket(inet,8801);
os = socket.getOutputStream();
bis=new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File("img_client.jpg")));
byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=bis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (bis!=null){
try {
bis.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
@Test
public void server() {
ServerSocket ss= null;
Socket socket= null;
InputStream is= null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos= null;
BufferedOutputStream bos=null;
try {
ss = new ServerSocket(8801);
socket = ss.accept();
is = socket.getInputStream();
bos=new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(new File("img_server.jpg")));
byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
bos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (bos!=null){
try {
bos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (baos!=null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (ss!=null){
try {
ss.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
UDP网络编程
package 网络编程;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.*;
public class UDPTest {
@Test
public void sender() {
DatagramSocket socket= null;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket();
String str="我是发送端";
byte[] data=str.getBytes();
InetAddress inet=InetAddress.getByName("192.168.1.9");
DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(data,0,data.length,inet,9090);
socket.send(packet);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (socket!=null){
socket.close();
}
}
}
@Test
public void reciever() {
DatagramSocket socket= null;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
byte[] data=new byte[100];
DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(data,0,data.length);
socket.receive(packet);
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (socket!=null){
socket.close();
}
}
}
}
URL编程
-
URL(Uniform Resource Locator)的理解:统一资源定位符,对应着互联网的某一资源地址 -
URL的5个基本结构: * http://localhost:8080/examples/beauty.jpg?username=Tom
* 协议 主机名 端口号 资源地址 参数列表
-
如何实例化: URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/examples/beauty.jpg?username=Tom");
-
常用方法: -
可以读取、下载对应的url资源: package 网络编程;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
public class URLTest {
@Test
public void test() {
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;
InputStream is= null;
BufferedOutputStream bos= null;
try {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/examples/img.jpg");
urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
urlConnection.connect();
is = urlConnection.getInputStream();
bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(new File("img_URL.jpg")));
byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
bos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println("下载完成");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (bos!=null){
try {
bos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (urlConnection!=null){
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}
}
}
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