网络编程
1.1、概念
地球村:也译为世界村(global village),对地球的一种比喻说法。现代科技的迅速发展,缩小了地球上的时空距离,国际交往日益频繁便利,因而整个地球就如同是茫茫宇宙中的一个小村落。
信件:
计算器网络:
计算机网络是指将 地理位置不同 的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统
网络编程的目的:
无线电台…传播交流信息,数据交换。通信
想要达到这个效果需要干什么:
1、如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机:192.168.1.136: 端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
2、找到这个主机,如何传输数据呢?
javaweb:网页编程 B/S
网程编程: TCP/IP C/S
1.2、网络通信的要素
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双方的地址:
规则:网络通信的协议
TCP/IP参考模型:
重点了解:
小结:
1、网络编程中有两个主要的问题
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多主机
- 找到主机之后如何进行通信
2、网络编程中的要素
3、万物皆对象
1.3、IP
IP地址:InetAddress
-
唯一定位一台计算机 -
127.0.0.1:本季localhost -
IP地址的分类
-
域名:记忆IP问题
IP:www.vip.vom 万网
package com.wyy.lesson01;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
1.4端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程
- 不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件!
- 被规定0~65535
- TCP,UDP:65535*2 tcp:80, udp:80 ,单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
- 端口分类
公有端口 0~1023
- HTTP: 80
- HTТРS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配给用户或者程序
- Tomact:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
动态,私有:49152~65535
netstat -ano
netstat -ano|findstr "2312"
tasklist|findstr "2312"
ctri+ shift + ESC
package com.wyy.lesson01;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress socketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
System.out.println(socketAddress1);
System.out.println(socketAddress2);
System.out.println(socketAddress1.getAddress());
System.out.println(socketAddress1.getHostName());
System.out.println(socketAddress1.getPort());
}
}
1.5、通信协议
协议:约定,就好比我们现在说的是普通话
**网络通信协议:**速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制…
问题:非常的复杂?
大事化小:分层!
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
重要:
出名的协议:
TCP UDP对比
TCP:打电话
最少需要三次,保证稳定连接
A:你瞅啥?
В 你咋地?
A:干一场!
A:我要走了
B:你真的要走了吗?
B:你真的真的要走了吗?
A:我的真的要走了!
UDP:发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端、服务端:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你…
- 导弹攻击
- DDOS:洪水攻击!饱和攻击
1.6、TCP
客户端
1.连接服务器 Socket
2。发送消息
package com.wyy.lesson02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
InetAddress severIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
socket = new Socket(severIP, port);
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,欢迎学习java".getBytes());
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (os != null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务器
1.建立服务的端口
2.等待用户连接 accept
3.接收用户的消息
package com.wyy.lesson02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true) {
socket = serverSocket.accept();
is = socket.getInputStream();
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (baos != null) {
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket != null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
服务器端
package com.wyy.lesson02;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了,你可以滚了".getBytes());
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
客户端
package com.wyy.lesson02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("D:/edig-java/JavaSE/net/study/tx.jpg");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
socket.shutdownOutput();
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[2014];
int len2;
while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义 S
- Tomcat服务器 S : Java后台开发!
客户端
1.7、UDP
发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方地址!
发送端
package com.wyy.lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
String msg = "你好啊,服务器!";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, 9090);
socket.send(packet);
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
package com.wyy.lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpServertDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
socket.receive(packet);
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostName());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength()));
socket.close();
}
}
咨询
package com.wyy.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
reader.close();
socket.close();
}
}
package com.wyy.chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true) {
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
socket.receive(packet);
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String s = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(s);
if (s.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
在线咨询:两个人都可以是发送方,也都可以是接收方!
发送端
package com.wyy.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIp;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIp, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIp = toIp;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIp, this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package com.wyy.chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777, "localhost", 9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceiveDemo01(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
接收端
package com.wyy.chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceiveDemo01 implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceiveDemo01(int port, String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
socket.receive(packet);
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String s = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom + ":" + s);
if (s.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package com.wyy.chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceiveDemo01(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
1.8、URL
https://www.baidu.com/
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS域名解析 www.baidu.com xxx.xxx
协议://ipd地址:端口/项目名/资源
package com.wyy.lesson04;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=wyy&password=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());
System.out.println(url.getHost());
System.out.println(url.getPort());
System.out.println(url.getPath());
System.out.println(url.getFile());
System.out.println(url.getQuery());
}
}
下载网络资源
package com.wyy.lesson04;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
String url1 = "https://m801.music.126.net/20210814182158/b2bf0d209c52ebbc9348dcea80d89c46/jdyyaac/obj/w5rDlsOJwrLDjj7CmsOj/9645990173/43d9/bfc1/429b/31cc62fee1999c6837d6a67d81005d9f.m4a";
URL url = new URL(url1);
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("f.m4a");
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
fileOutputStream.write(bytes, 0, len);
}
fileOutputStream.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}
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