Netty
Netty是一种提供网络编程的工具,是对socket编程的一例优秀的包装,支持TCP、UDP、FTP等协议。我们可以用Netty开发自己的http服务器、udp服务器、FTP服务器,RPC服务器等 Netty大受欢迎的原因:
- 并发高
Netty支持NIO编程,NIO的持支,可以大大提升并发性能。 - 传输快
Netty NIO的一个特性是零拷贝,直接在内存中开辟一块,剩去了socket缓冲区, - 封装好
接下来写一个简单的udp demo。大体思路:
- 写一个netty的 基于UDP的Server 用来接受数据
- 写个一处理类,用于对接受的数据进行处理,然后返回信息;
新建一个springboot项目。在pom中引入jar
pom.xml
<!--springboot version 我用的是2.1.3.RELEASE-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--web模块的启动器 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- netty依赖 springboot2.x自动导入版本 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 这里我用到了@slf4j 所以引入这个jar -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
创建NettyUDPServer
Channel 通道的类型
- NioSocketChannel, 代表异步的客户端 TCP Socket 连接.
- NioServerSocketChannel, 异步的服务器端 TCP Socket 连接.
- NioDatagramChannel, 异步的 UDP 连接
- NioSctpChannel, 异步的客户端 Sctp 连接.
- NioSctpServerChannel, 异步的 Sctp 服务器端连接.
- OioSocketChannel, 同步的客户端 TCP Socket 连接.
- OioServerSocketChannel, 同步的服务器端 TCP Socket 连接.
- OioDatagramChannel, 同步的 UDP 连接
- OioSctpChannel, 同步的 Sctp 服务器端连接.
- OioSctpServerChannel, 同步的客户端 TCP Socket 连接.
Bootstrap 是 Netty 提供的一个便利的工厂类,可以通过它来完成 Netty 的客户端或服务器端的 Netty 初始化。
package com.demo.udpdemo.UDPServer;
import com.demo.udpdemo.handler.BootNettyUdpSimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioDatagramChannel;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
/**
* @author
*/
@Slf4j
public class BootNettyUdpServer {
/**
* 启动服务
*/
public void bind(int port) {
log.info("-------------------------------udpServer-------------------------");
//表示服务器连接监听线程组,专门接受 accept 新的客户端client 连接
EventLoopGroup bossLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
//1,创建netty bootstrap 启动类
Bootstrap serverBootstrap = new Bootstrap();
//2、设置boostrap 的eventLoopGroup线程组
serverBootstrap = serverBootstrap.group(bossLoopGroup);
//3、设置NIO UDP连接通道
serverBootstrap = serverBootstrap.channel(NioDatagramChannel.class);
//4、设置通道参数 SO_BROADCAST广播形式
serverBootstrap = serverBootstrap.option(ChannelOption.SO_BROADCAST, true);
//5、设置处理类 装配流水线
serverBootstrap = serverBootstrap.handler(new BootNettyUdpSimpleChannelInboundHandler());
//6、绑定server,通过调用sync()方法异步阻塞,直到绑定成功
ChannelFuture f = serverBootstrap.bind(port).sync();
log.info(BootNettyUdpServer.class.getName()+" started and listend on "+f.channel().localAddress());
//7、监听通道关闭事件,应用程序会一直等待,直到channel关闭
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
} finally {
System.out.println("netty udp close!");
//8 关闭EventLoopGroup,
bossLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
NettyUdpSimpleChannelInboundHandler
package com.demo.udpdemo.handler;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.channel.socket.DatagramPacket;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
/**
* @author
*/
@Slf4j
public class BootNettyUdpSimpleChannelInboundHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<DatagramPacket> {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, DatagramPacket msg) throws Exception {
try {
String strdata = msg.content().toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8);
//打印收到的消息
log.info("---------------------receive data--------------------------");
log.info(strdata);
log.info("---------------------receive data--------------------------");
//收到udp消息后,可通过此方式原路返回的方式返回消息,例如返回时间戳
ctx.writeAndFlush(new DatagramPacket(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("ok", CharsetUtil.UTF_8), msg.sender()));
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
}
修改启动类,启动执行UDPServer.bind方法,启动udpServer
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAsync
public class UdpDemoApplication implements CommandLineRunner {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication app = new SpringApplication(UdpDemoApplication.class);
app.run(args);
}
@Async
@Override
public void run(String... args){
new BootNettyUdpServer().bind(51000);
}
}
test
在test类下面,新建一个test方法 sendUdpRequestTest
//定义客户端ip
private static final String SERVER_HOSTNAME = "127.0.0.1";
// 服务器端口
private static final int SERVER_PORT = 51000;
// 本地发送端口
private static final int LOCAL_PORT = 8888;
@Test
public void sendUdpRequestTest() {
try {
// 1,创建udp服务。通过DatagramSocket对象。
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(LOCAL_PORT);
// 2,确定数据,并封装成数据包。DatagramPacket(byte[] buf, int length, InetAddress
// address, int port)
byte[] buf = "hello".getBytes();
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length, InetAddress.getByName(SERVER_HOSTNAME),
SERVER_PORT);
// 3,通过socket服务,将已有的数据包发送出去。通过send方法。
socket.send(dp);
// 4,关闭资源。
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
结果
2021-09-03 13:14:47.912 INFO 11608 --- [ntLoopGroup-2-1] .BootNettyUdpSimpleChannelInboundHandler : ---------------------receive data--------------------------
2021-09-03 13:14:47.912 INFO 11608 --- [ntLoopGroup-2-1] .BootNettyUdpSimpleChannelInboundHandler : 你好,世界
2021-09-03 13:14:47.912 INFO 11608 --- [ntLoopGroup-2-1] .BootNettyUdpSimpleChannelInboundHandler : ---------------------receive data--------------------------
2021-09-03 13:16:11.748 INFO 11608 --- [ntLoopGroup-2-1] .BootNettyUdpSimpleChannelInboundHandler : ---------------------receive data--------------------------
2021-09-03 13:16:11.748 INFO 11608 --- [ntLoopGroup-2-1] .BootNettyUdpSimpleChannelInboundHandler : 你好,世界
2021-09-03 13:16:11.748 INFO 11608 --- [ntLoopGroup-2-1] .BootNettyUdpSimpleChannelInboundHandler : ---------------------receive data--------------------------
2021-09-03 13:17:11.664 INFO 11608 --- [ntLoopGroup-2-1] .BootNettyUdpSimpleChannelInboundHandler : ---------------------receive data--------------------------
2021-09-03 13:17:11.664 INFO 11608 --- [ntLoopGroup-2-1] .BootNettyUdpSimpleChannelInboundHandler : hello
2021-09-03 13:17:11.664 INFO 11608 --- [ntLoopGroup-2-1] .BootNettyUdpSimpleChannelInboundHandler : ---------------------receive data--------------------------
2021-09-03 13:17:32.714 INFO 11608 --- [ntLoopGroup-2-1] .BootNettyUdpSimpleChannelInboundHandler : ---------------------receive data--------------------------
2021-09-03 13:17:32.714 INFO 11608 --- [ntLoopGroup-2-1] .BootNettyUdpSimpleChannelInboundHandler : hello
2021-09-03 13:17:32.714 INFO 11608 --- [ntLoopGroup-2-1] .BootNettyUdpSimpleChannelInboundHandler : ---------------------receive data--------------------------
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