TraceRouteC++实现
使用cmd自带的TraceRoute
使用C++实现tracert
traceroute
关掉公用网络防火墙：
再关掉域防火墙：
TraceRoute.h
#pragma once
//TraceRoute.h
#ifndef TRACEROUTE_H_INCLUDED
#define TRACEROUTE_H_INCLUDED
#pragma pack(1)
//IP数据报头
typedef struct
{
unsigned char hdr_len : 4; // 4位首部长度
unsigned char version : 4; // 4位版本
unsigned char tos; // 8位服务类型
unsigned short total_len; // 16位总长度（字节数）
unsigned short identifier; // 16位标识
unsigned short frag_and_flags; // 3位标志 13位片偏移
unsigned char ttl; // 8位生存时间
unsigned char protocol; // 8位协议 (TCP, UDP etc)
unsigned short checksum; // 16位首部校验和
unsigned long sourceIP; // 32位原地址
unsigned long destIP; // 32位目的IP地址
} IP_HEADER;
//ICMP数据报头
typedef struct
{
BYTE type; //8位类型
BYTE code; //8位代码
USHORT cksum; //16位校验和
USHORT id; //16位标识符
USHORT seq; //16位序列号
} ICMP_HEADER;
//解码结果
typedef struct
{
USHORT usSeqNo; //包序列号
DWORD dwRoundTripTime; //往返时间
in_addr dwIPaddr; //对端IP地址
} DECODE_RESULT;
#pragma pack()
//ICMP类型字段
const BYTE ICMP_ECHO_REPLY = 0; //回显应答
const BYTE ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST = 8; //请求回显
const BYTE ICMP_TIMEOUT = 11; //传输超时
const DWORD DEF_ICMP_TIMEOUT = 3000; //默认超时时间，单位ms
const int DEF_ICMP_DATA_SIZE = 32; //默认ICMP数据部分长度
const int MAX_ICMP_PACKET_SIZE = 1024; //最大ICMP数据报的大小
const int DEF_MAX_HOP = 30; //最大跳站数
USHORT GenerateChecksum(USHORT* pBuf, int iSize);
BOOL DecodeIcmpResponse(char* pBuf, int iPacketSize, DECODE_RESULT& stDecodeResult);
#endif // TRACEROUTE_H_INCLUDED
TraceRoute.cpp
//TraceRoute.cpp
/*----------------------------------------------------------
功能说明：
该程序简单实现了Windows操作系统的tracert命令功能，
可以输出IP报文从本机出发到达目的主机所经过的路由信息。
-----------------------------------------------------------*/
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "TraceRoute.h"
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32")
using namespace std;
int main()
{
while (1)
{
/*存放 IP*/
char ipString[100];
cout << "TraceRoute:";
scanf_s("%s", ipString,sizeof(ipString));
//char *ipString = "www.baidu.com";
/*初始化winsock2环境*/
WSADATA wsa;//一种数据结构。这个结构被用来存储被WSAStartup函数调用后返回的Windows Sockets数据
if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsa) != 0)//进行相应的socket库绑定,MAKEWORD(2,2)表示使用WINSOCK2版本
{
cerr << "\nFailed to initialize the WinSock2 DLL\n" << "error code: " << WSAGetLastError() << endl;//Cerr通常用于输出错误信息与其他不属于正常逻辑的输出内容
return -1;
}
/*将命令行参数转换为IP地址*/
u_long ulDestIP = inet_addr(ipString);//将一个点分十进制的IP转换成一个长整数型数（u_long类型）
//cout<<"测试————"<<"长整型数"<<ulDestIP<<endl;
if (ulDestIP == INADDR_NONE)//INADDR_NONE 是个宏定义，代表IpAddress 无效的IP地址。
{
//转换不成功时按域名解析
hostent* pHostent = gethostbyname(ipString);//返回对应于给定主机名的包含主机名字和地址信息的hostent结构的指针
if (pHostent)
{
ulDestIP = (*(in_addr*)pHostent->h_addr).s_addr;//in_addr 用来表示一个32位的IPv4地址. /cout<<"测试————"<<"ip地址"<<ulDestIP<<endl;
//输出屏幕信息
cout << "\nTracing route to " << ipString
<< " [" << inet_ntoa(*(in_addr*)(&ulDestIP)) << "]"//将网络地址转换成“.”点隔的字符串格式
<< " with a maximum of " << DEF_MAX_HOP << " hops.\n" << endl;//DEF_MAX_HOP 最大跳站数
}
else //解析主机名失败
{
cerr << "\nCould not resolve the host name " << ipString << '\n'
<< "error code: " << WSAGetLastError() << endl;
WSACleanup();//终止Winsock 2 DLL (Ws2_32.dll) 的使用
return -1;
}
}
else
{
//输出屏幕信息
cout << "Tracing route to " << ipString
<< " with a maximum of " << DEF_MAX_HOP << " hops." << endl;
}
//填充目的Socket地址
//struct sockaddr_in Lewis;
// Lewis.sin_family = AF_INET;//表示地址类型，对于基于TCP/IP传输协议的通信，该值只能是AF_INET；
// Lewis.sin_port = htons(80);//表示端口号，例如：21 或者 80
// Lewis.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("202.96.134.133");//表示32位的IP地址
// memset(Lewis.sin_zero,0,sizeof(Lewis.sin_zero));//表示填充字节
sockaddr_in destSockAddr;//用来处理网络通信的地址
ZeroMemory(&destSockAddr, sizeof(sockaddr_in));//用0来填充一块内存区域
destSockAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;//sin_family;//地址族 协议簇 AF_INET（TCP/IP – IPv4）
destSockAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = ulDestIP;//s_addr 32位IPv4地址
//使用ICMP协议创建Raw Socket
SOCKET sockRaw = WSASocket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP, NULL, 0, WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED);//套接字类型：原始套接字，IPPROTO_ICMP表示ICMP报头由程序构造，iFlags：套接口属性描述
if (sockRaw == INVALID_SOCKET)//无效套接字
{
cerr << "\nFailed to create a raw socket\n"
<< "error code: " << WSAGetLastError() << endl;
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
//设置端口属性
int iTimeout = DEF_ICMP_TIMEOUT;//3000ms
//cout<<"测试————"<<"TIMEOUT:"<<iTimeout<<endl;
if (setsockopt(sockRaw, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (char*)&iTimeout, sizeof(iTimeout)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
//设置与某个套接字关联的选 项。选项可能存在于多层协议中,为了操作套接字层的选项，应该 将层的值指定为SOL_SOCKET
//将要被设置或者获取选项的套接字,选项所在的协议层,需要访问的选项名(套接字的操作都自动带有超时时间),指向包含新选项值的缓冲,现选项的长度
{
cerr << "\nFailed to set recv timeout\n"
<< "error code: " << WSAGetLastError() << endl;
closesocket(sockRaw);
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
//创建ICMP包发送缓冲区和接收缓冲区
char IcmpSendBuf[sizeof(ICMP_HEADER) + DEF_ICMP_DATA_SIZE];
memset(IcmpSendBuf, 0, sizeof(IcmpSendBuf));
char IcmpRecvBuf[MAX_ICMP_PACKET_SIZE];
memset(IcmpRecvBuf, 0, sizeof(IcmpRecvBuf));
//填充待发送的ICMP包（头和数据部分）
ICMP_HEADER* pIcmpHeader = (ICMP_HEADER*)IcmpSendBuf;
pIcmpHeader->type = ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST;
pIcmpHeader->code = 0;
pIcmpHeader->id = (USHORT)GetCurrentProcessId();
memset(IcmpSendBuf + sizeof(ICMP_HEADER), 'E', DEF_ICMP_DATA_SIZE);//数据部分填充
//开始探测路由
DECODE_RESULT stDecodeResult;
BOOL bReachDestHost = FALSE;
USHORT usSeqNo = 0;
int iTTL = 1;
int iMaxHop = DEF_MAX_HOP;
while (!bReachDestHost && iMaxHop--)
{
//设置IP数据报头的ttl字段
setsockopt(sockRaw, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, (char*)&iTTL, sizeof(iTTL));//为0（IPPROTO_IP)的raw socket。用于接收任何的IP数据包。其中的校验和和协议分析由程序自己完成。
//输出当前跳站数作为路由信息序号
cout << setw(3) << iTTL << flush;//setw(3)设置域宽，cout<<flush表示将缓冲区的内容马上送进cout，把输出缓冲区刷新。
//填充ICMP数据报剩余字段
((ICMP_HEADER*)IcmpSendBuf)->cksum = 0;
((ICMP_HEADER*)IcmpSendBuf)->seq = htons(usSeqNo++);//将无符号短整型主机字节序转换为网络字节序,将一个数的高低位互换, (如:12 34 --> 34 12)
((ICMP_HEADER*)IcmpSendBuf)->cksum = GenerateChecksum((USHORT*)IcmpSendBuf, sizeof(ICMP_HEADER) + DEF_ICMP_DATA_SIZE);
//记录序列号和当前时间
stDecodeResult.usSeqNo = ((ICMP_HEADER*)IcmpSendBuf)->seq;
stDecodeResult.dwRoundTripTime = GetTickCount();//返回从操作系统启动到当前所经过的毫秒数，常常用来判断某个方法执行的时间
//发送ICMP的EchoRequest数据报
if (sendto(sockRaw, IcmpSendBuf, sizeof(IcmpSendBuf), 0, (sockaddr*)&destSockAddr, sizeof(destSockAddr)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
//如果目的主机不可达则直接退出
if (WSAGetLastError() == WSAEHOSTUNREACH)
cout << '/t' << "Destination host unreachable.\n" << "\nTrace complete.\n" << endl;
closesocket(sockRaw);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
//接收ICMP的EchoReply数据报
//因为收到的可能并非程序所期待的数据报，所以需要循环接收直到收到所要数据或超时
sockaddr_in from;
int iFromLen = sizeof(from);
int iReadDataLen;
while (1)
{
//等待数据到达
iReadDataLen = recvfrom(sockRaw, IcmpRecvBuf, MAX_ICMP_PACKET_SIZE, 0, (sockaddr*)&from, &iFromLen);
if (iReadDataLen != SOCKET_ERROR) //有数据包到达
{
//解码得到的数据包，如果解码正确则跳出接收循环发送下一个EchoRequest包
if (DecodeIcmpResponse(IcmpRecvBuf, iReadDataLen, stDecodeResult))
{
if (stDecodeResult.dwIPaddr.s_addr == destSockAddr.sin_addr.s_addr)
bReachDestHost = TRUE;
cout << '\t' << inet_ntoa(stDecodeResult.dwIPaddr) << endl;//将网络地址转换成“.”点隔的字符串格式
break;
}
}
else if (WSAGetLastError() == WSAETIMEDOUT) //接收超时，打印星号
{
cout << setw(9) << '*' << '\t' << "Request timed out." << endl;
break;
}
else
{
cerr << "\nFailed to call recvfrom\n"
<< "error code: " << WSAGetLastError() << endl;
closesocket(sockRaw);
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
}
//TTL值加1
iTTL++;
//cout<<"测试————"<<iTTL<<endl;
}
//输出屏幕信息
cout << "\nTrace complete.\n" << endl;
closesocket(sockRaw);
WSACleanup();
}
return 0;
}
/*产生网际校验和*/
USHORT GenerateChecksum(USHORT* pBuf, int iSize)// 16
{
unsigned long cksum = 0;//32
while (iSize > 1)//40
{
cksum += *pBuf++;
iSize -= sizeof(USHORT);
}
if (iSize)
cksum += *(UCHAR*)pBuf;//8
//printf("测试——cksum——测试：%x\n",cksum);
//printf("测试——cksum>>16——测试：%x\n",cksum>>16);
//printf("测试——cksum & 0xffff——测试：%x\n",cksum & 0xffff);
cksum = (cksum >> 16) + (cksum & 0xffff);
//printf("测试——cksum——测试：%x\n",cksum);
//printf("测试——cksum>>16——测试：%x\n",cksum>>16);
cksum += (cksum >> 16);
//printf("测试——cksum——测试：%x\n",cksum);
//printf("测试——(USHORT)(~cksum)——测试：%x\n",(USHORT)(~cksum));
return (USHORT)(~cksum);//~ 按位取反
}
/*解码得到的数据报*/
BOOL DecodeIcmpResponse(char* pBuf, int iPacketSize, DECODE_RESULT& stDecodeResult)
{
//检查数据报大小的合法性
IP_HEADER* pIpHdr = (IP_HEADER*)pBuf;
int iIpHdrLen = pIpHdr->hdr_len * 4;//单位4个字节
if (iPacketSize < (int)(iIpHdrLen + sizeof(ICMP_HEADER)))
return FALSE;
//按照ICMP包类型检查id字段和序列号以确定是否是程序应接收的Icmp包
ICMP_HEADER* pIcmpHdr = (ICMP_HEADER*)(pBuf + iIpHdrLen);
USHORT usID, usSquNo;//ICMP头 标识符和序列号
if (pIcmpHdr->type == ICMP_ECHO_REPLY)
{
usID = pIcmpHdr->id;
usSquNo = pIcmpHdr->seq;
}
else if (pIcmpHdr->type == ICMP_TIMEOUT)
{
char* pInnerIpHdr = pBuf + iIpHdrLen + sizeof(ICMP_HEADER); //载荷中的IP头
int iInnerIPHdrLen = ((IP_HEADER*)pInnerIpHdr)->hdr_len * 4;//载荷中的IP头长
ICMP_HEADER* pInnerIcmpHdr = (ICMP_HEADER*)(pInnerIpHdr + iInnerIPHdrLen);//载荷中的ICMP头
usID = pInnerIcmpHdr->id;
usSquNo = pInnerIcmpHdr->seq;
}
else
return FALSE;
if (usID != (USHORT)GetCurrentProcessId() || usSquNo != stDecodeResult.usSeqNo)
return FALSE;
//处理正确收到的ICMP数据报
if (pIcmpHdr->type == ICMP_ECHO_REPLY ||
pIcmpHdr->type == ICMP_TIMEOUT)
{
//返回解码结果
stDecodeResult.dwIPaddr.s_addr = pIpHdr->sourceIP;
stDecodeResult.dwRoundTripTime = GetTickCount() - stDecodeResult.dwRoundTripTime;
//打印屏幕信息
if (stDecodeResult.dwRoundTripTime)
cout << setw(6) << stDecodeResult.dwRoundTripTime << " ms" << flush;
else
cout << setw(6) << "<1" << " ms" << flush;
return TRUE;
}
return FALSE;
}
参考文章
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41577750/article/details/109196890