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英语词汇学——在线考试复习资料
一、单选题
1.?_______?is?concerned?with?the?expression?of?feelings?and?attitudes?of?the?speaker?or?writer.
A. notative?meaning????
B. onnotative?meaning
C.?Stylistic?meaning??????
D. ffective?meaning
2.?_______?is?that?which?a?piece?of?language?conveys?about?the?social?circumstances?of?its?use.
A. notative?meaning????
B. onnotative?meaning
C.?Stylistic?meaning??????
D. ffective?meaning
3.?_______?refers?to?the?emotional?association?which?a?word?suggests?in?one’s?mind.
A. notative?meaning????
B. onnotative?meaning
C.?Stylistic?meaning??????
D. ffective?meaning
4.?_______?consists?of?word-class?and?inflectional?paradigm.
A. notative?meaning????
B. onnotative?meaning
C.?grammatical?meaning??????
D.?lexical?meaning
5.?_______?is?the?central?factor?in?a?word?describing?what?it?is.
A. notative?meaning????
B. onnotative?meaning
C.?Stylistic?meaning??????
D. ffective?meaning
6.?What?is?the?rhetoric?style?illustrated?by?the?idiom?“neck?and?neck”?
A. omparison???????
B.?rhyme???
C. lliteration???????
D.?Repetition
7.?We?can?use?“come?of?marriage?age”?for?“come?of?age”.?The?kind?of?usage?of?the?idiom?is?known?as?_______.
A.?separation????????
B.?replacement????
C. breviation???????
D. xtension
8.?We?can?use?“see?too?many?trees,?but?not?the?forest”?for?“cannot?see?the?wood?for?the?trees”.?The?kind?of?usage?of?the?idiom?is?known?as?_______.
A.?separation????????
B.?omission????
C. breviation???????
D. xtension
9.?We?can?use?“pull?an?unhappy?face”?for?“pull?a?long?face”.?The?kind?of?usage?of?the?idiom?is?known?as?_______.
A.?separation????????
B.?replacement????
C. breviation???????
D. xtension
10.?We?can?use?“a?silver?lining”?for?“every?cloud?has?a?silver?lining”.?The?kind?of?usage?of?the?idiom?is?known?as?_______.
A.?separation????????
B. ition???
C. breviation???????
D. xtension
11.?When?words?are?involved?in?the?relationship?which?obtains?between?specific?and?general?lexical?items,?such?that?the?former?is?included?in?the?latter,?the?words?belong?to?the?words?of?________.
A.?hyponymy??
B.?synonymy??
C.?polysemy??
D. ntonymy
12.?________?is?the?most?common?cause?of?homophones.
A.?semantic?divergence??
B.?phonetic?convergence??
C.?shortening??
D.?foreign?influence
13.?When?words?are?identical?in?sound?but?different?in?spelling?and?meaning?are?called?________?.
A.?homophones??
B.?homographs??
C.?homoforms??
D.?homogenes
14.?When?many?pairs?or?groups?of?words?which?are?different?in?meaning?are?pronounced?alike?or?spelled?alike,?or?both,?such?words?belong?to?the?words?of?________.
A. ntonymy?
B.?synonymy??
C.?homonymy??
D.?polysemy
15.?When?a?word?has?a?range?of?different?meanings,?it?belongs?to?the?words?of?________.
A.?hyponymy??
B.?synonymy??
C. ntonymy??
D.?polysemy
16.?The?word?“son”?meaning?“one’s?male?child”?and?the?word?“sun”?meaning?“a?star?that?is?the?basis?of?the?solar?system?and?that?sustains?life?on?Earth,?being?the?source?of?heat?and?light”?are?called?a?pair?of?________.
A.?homophones????????
B.?perfect?homonyms???
C.?homographs????????
D.?polysemic?words
17.?The?word?“base”?meaning?“the?thing?or?part?on?which?something?rests”?and?the?word?“base”?meaning?“having?or?showing?little?or?no?honour,?courage?or?decency”?are?called?a?pair?of?________.
A.?homophones????????
B.?perfect?homonyms???
C.?homographs????????
D.?polysemic?words
18.?The?word?“lie”?meaning?“make?a?statement?that?one?knows?to?be?untrue”?and?the?word?“lie”?meaning?“put?oneself?flat?on?a?horizontal?surface”?are?called?a?pair?of?________.
A.?homophones????????
B.?perfect?homonyms???
C.?homographs????????
D.?polysemic?words
19.?The?word?“lead”?meaning?“guide?or?take,?esp. y?going?in?front,?etc.”?and?the?word?“lead”?meaning?“an?easily?melted?metal?of?a?dull?bluish-grey?color”?are?called?a?pair?of?________.
A.?homophones????????
B.?perfect?homonyms???
C.?homographs????????
D.?polysemic?words
20.?The?word?“tear”?meaning?“the?drop?of?salty?water?from?the?eye”?and?the?word?“tear”?meaning?“to?pull?sharply?apart”?are?called?a?pair?of?________.
A.?homophones????????
B.?perfect?homonyms???
C.?homographs????????
D.?polysemic?words
21.?Which?of?the?following?is?not?a?phase?in?the?development?of?the?English?language?
A.?Old?English??????????
B.?Middle?English
C.?Modern?English???????
D. ontemporary?English
22.?The?English?language?from?1500?AD?to?the?present?is?called?________?.
A. ncient?English??????
B.?Old?English
C.?Middle?English???????
D.?Modern?English
23.?The?transitional?period?from?Old?English?to?Modern?English?is?known?as?_________.
A. ncient?English??????
B.?Primordial?English
C. ontemporary?English???????
D.?Middle?English
24.?French?brought?great?changes?to?the?English?vocabulary?_______.
A.?from?1100?to?1500?AD??
B.?from?1500?to?1700?AD
C.?from?450?to?1100?AD???????
D.?from?1700?to?1900?AD
25.?The?Renaissance?brought?great?changes?to?the?English?vocabulary?_______.
A.?from?1100?to?1500?AD??
B.?from?1500?to?1700?AD
C.?from?450?to?1100?AD???????
D.?from?1700?to?1900?AD
26.?The?word?“shrewd”?used?to?mean?“evil,?bad,?wicked”,?and?now?it?refers?to?“clever?or?sharp?in?practical?affairs”.?This?is?an?example?of?_____?of?meaning.
A. xtension????
B.?restriction????
C. generation???
D. levation
27.?The?word?“starve”?used?to?mean?“to?die”,?and?now?it?refers?to?“to?die?of?hunger”.?This?is?an?example?of?_____?of?meaning.
A. xtension????
B.?restriction????
C. generation???
D. levation
28.?The?word?“salary”?used?to?mean?“a?sum?of?money?given?to?Roman?soldiers?to?enable?them?to?buy?salt”,?and?now?it?refers?to?“fixed?payment?made?by?employer?at?regular?intervals?to?person?doing?other?than?manual?work”.?This?is?an?example?of?_____?of?meaning.
A. xtension????
B.?restriction????
C. generation???
D. levation
29.?The?word?“holiday”?used?to?mean?“holy?day,?a?day?of?religious?significance”,?and?now?it?refers?to?“day?of?recreation,?when?no?work?is?done”.?This?is?an?example?of?_____?of?meaning.
A. xtension????
B.?restriction????
C. generation???
D. levation
30.?The?word?“wife”?used?to?mean?“woman”,?now?it?means?“married?woman?esp.?in?relation?to?her?husband”.?The?word?has?undergone?a?sort?of?semantic?change?called?_____.
A. levation??
B. generation???
C. xtension???
D.?restriction
- _______ is a form which is not further analyzable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology.
A.stem
B.root
C.se
D.ffix
32.ny root or stem can be termed as a _______.
A.stem
B.root
C.se
D.ffix
33.Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed?
A.stem
B.root
C.se
D.ffix
34.Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational affixes have been removed?
A.stem
B.root
C.se
D.ffix
35.Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational and inflectional affixes have been removed?
A.stem
B.root
C.se
D.ffix
36.In the sentence “John was asked to leave after his three-day stay in the town”, “stay” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.
A.ompounding
B.rivation
C.onversion
D.ronym
37.In the sentence “John decided to nurse his sister himself”, “nurse” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.
A.ompounding
B.rivation
C.onversion
D.ronym
38.In the sentence “John was asked to get into the office after a two-hour wait”, “wait” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.
A.ompounding
B.rivation
C.onversion
D.ronym
39.In the sentence “John was doctored by Mr. Smith in the hospital”, “doctor” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.
A.ompounding
B.rivation
C.onversion
D.ronym
40.In the sentence “John was asked to spy the enemy”, “spy” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.
A.ompounding
B.rivation
C.onversion
D.ronym
41.Words motivated phonetically are called _________ words.
A.onomatopoeic
B.similar
C.natural
D.symbolic
42.From the point of view of ________, a direct connection between the symbol and its sense can be readily observed in a small group of words.
A.nationalism
B.nthropology
C.linguistics
D.motivation
43.Most English words are _________ symbols.
A.finite
B.rbitrary
C.infinite
D.hereditary
44.ording to ______ , there is not a logical connection between sound and sense.
A.naturalists
B.nthropologists
C.linguists
D.onventionalists
45.ording to ______, there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.
A.naturalists
B.nthropologists
C.linguists
D.onventionalists
46.Which of the following forms does not contain an allomorph of the inflectional morpheme of plurality?
A.ooks
B.pigs
C.horses
D.xpense
47.Which of the following forms is not an allomorph of the morpheme “in-”?
A.ig-
B.ir-
C.il-
D.im-
48.The word “decoding” has _______ morphemes.
A.one
B.two
C.three
D.four
49.The word “nationalize” has _______ morphemes.
A.one
B.two
C.three
D.four
50.The word “humorousness” has _______ morphemes.
A.one
B.two
C.three
D.four
二、判断题
51.?Metaphor?is?a?figure?of?speech?containing?an?implied?comparison?based?on?association?of?similarity.?( )
-
onventionalists?insist?that?there?is?a?logical?connection?between?sound?and?sense. -
ontent?words?have?independent?lexical?meaning?and?are?used?to?name?objects,?actions,?states.?( )
54.?Most?English?words?are?arbitrary?symbols.?(????)
- root?is?a?form?which?is?not?further?analyzable,?either?in?terms?of?derivational?or?inflectional?morphology.?(????)
56.?Proverb?is?a?supposedly?wise?saying?usually?in?simple?language?expressing?a?fact?or?a?truth?which?deals?with?everyday?experience.?(????)
57.?Polysemy?is?a?word?has?only?one?meaning.?(????)
- ny?root?or?stem?can?be?termed?as?a?base.?(????)
59.?Homonymy?is?the?relationship?between?words?in?the?pairs?which,?though?different?in?meaning,?are?pronounced?alike,?or?spelled?alike?or?both.?(????)
60.Function?words?don’t?have?much?lexical?meaning,?but?they?serve?grammatically?more?than?anything?else.?(????)
61.Polysemyisa word has got more than two meanings. ( )
62.Metaphor is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison based on association of similarity. ( )
63.ontent wordsareshort words such as prepositions, conjunctions. ( )
64.Function words have independent lexical meaning andareused to name objects, actions, states. ( )
65.Proverb is a supposedly wise sayingusuallyin simple languageexpressing a fact or a truth which deals with everyday experience.( )
三、阅读理解
Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought of as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a “disease.”
On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things, and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency.
Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop treatments.
“It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical (制药的.industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects,” he said.
“Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can’t control,” he said. “In academic circles, people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range.”
But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, “It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understanding that aging is curable.”
“It was always known that the body accumulates damage,” he added. “The only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions.”
Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them.
“There’re many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. ut they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease,” Hayflick said. “Even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years.”
66.?What?do?people?generally?believe?about?aging?
A.It?should?cause?no?alarm?whatsoever.
B.They?just?cannot?do?anything?about?it.
C.It?should?be?regarded?as?a?kind?of?disease.
D.They?can?delay?it?with?advances?in?science.
67.?How?do?many?scientists?view?aging?now?
A.It?might?be?prevented?and?treated.
B.It?can?be?as?risky?as?heart?disease.
C.It?results?from?a?vitamin?deficiency.
D.It?is?an?irreversible?biological?process.
68.?What?does?Alex?Zhavoronkov?think?of?“describing?aging?as?a?disease”?
A.It?will?prompt?people?to?take?aging?more?seriously.
B.It?will?greatly?help?reduce?the?side?effects?of?aging.
C.It?will?free?pharmacists?from?the?conventional?beliefs?about?aging.
D.It?will?motivate?doctors?and?pharmacists?to?find?ways?to?treat?aging.
69.?What?do?we?learn?about?the?medical?community?
A.They?now?have?a?strong?interest?in?research?on?aging.
B.They?differ?from?the?academic?circles?in?their?view?on?aging.
C.They?can?contribute?to?people’s?health?only?to?a?limited?extent.
D.They?have?ways?to?intervene?in?people’s?aging?process.
70.?What?does?professor?Leonard?Hayflick?believe?
A.The?human?lifespan?cannot?be?prolonged.
B.ging?is?hardly?separable?from?disease.
C.Few?people?live?up?to?the?age?of?92.
D.Heart?disease?is?the?major?cause?of?aging.
For the past several decades, it seems there’s been a general consensus on how to get ahead in America: Get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy your own home. ut do Americans still believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?
The most recent National Journal poll asked respondents about the American dream, what it takes to achieve their goals, and whether or not they felt a significant amount of control over their ability to be successful. Overwhelmingly, the results show that today， the idea of the American dream—and what it takes to achieve it—looks quite different than it did in the late 20th century.
By and large, people felt that their actions and hard work—not outside forces—were the deciding factor in how their lives turned out. ut respondents had decidedly mixed feelings about what actions make for a better life in the current economy.
In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic about the power of education to lead to success. ven though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority—52 percent—think that young people do not need a four-year college education in order to be successful.
Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a master’s degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability his parents and grandparents never did.
While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of the degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new perspectives and life experiences. Sixty-year-old Will Fendley, who had a successful career in the military and never earned a college degree, thinks “personal drive” is far more important than just going to college. To Fendley， a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective high-school education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook, are the necessary ingredients for a successful life in America.
71.?It?used?to?be?commonly?acknowledged?that?to?succeed?in?America,?one?had?to?have?_____.
A.n?advanced?academic?degree
B.n?ambition?to?get?ahead
C.?firm?belief?in?their?dream
D.?sense?of?drive?and?purpose
72.?What?is?the?finding?of?the?latest?National?Journal?poll?concerning?the?American?dream?
A.More?and?more?Americans?are?finding?it?hard?to?realize.
B.It?remains?alive?among?the?majority?of?American?people.
C.mericans’?idea?of?it?has?changed?over?the?past?few?decades.
D.n?increasing?number?of?young?Americans?are?abandoning?it.
73.?What?do?Americans?now?think?of?the?role?of?college?education?in?achieving?success?
A.It?still?remains?open?to?debate.
B.It?has?proved?to?be?beyond?doubt.
C.It?is?no?longer?as?important?as?it?used?to?be.
D.It?is?much?better?understood?now?than?ever.
74.?How?do?some?people?view?college?education?these?days?
A.It?promotes?gender?equality.
B.It?needs?to?be?strengthened.
C.It?adds?to?cultural?diversity.
D.It?helps?broaden?their?minds.
75.?What?is?one?factor?essential?to?success?in?America,?according?to?Will?Fendley?
A. sire?to?learn?and?to?adapt.
B.?strong?sense?of?responsibility.
C.?willingness?to?commit?oneself.
D. lear?aim?and?high?motivation.
Nobody really knows how big Lagos is. What’s indisputable is that it’s growing very quickly. tween now and 2050, the urban population of Africa could triple. Yet cities in sub-Saharan Africa are not getting richer the way cities in the rest of the world have. Most urban Africans live in slums （贫民窟）; migrants are often not much better off than they were in the countryside. Why?
The immediate problem is poverty. Most of Africa is urbanising at a lower level of income than other regions of the world did. That means there’s little money around for investment that would make cities liveable and more productive. Without upgrades and new capacity, bridges, roads and power systems are unable to cope with expanding populations. With the exception of South Africa, the only light rail metro system in sub-Saharan Africa is in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Traffic jam leads to expense and unpredictability, things that keep investors away.
In other parts of the world, increasing agricultural productivity and industrialisation went together. More productive farmers meant there was a surplus that could feed cities; in turn, that created a pool of labour for factories. ut African cities are different. They are too often built around consuming natural resources. Government is concentrated in capitals, so is the money. Most urban Africans work for a small minority of the rich, who tend to be involved in either cronyish （有裙带关系的） businesses or politics. Since African agriculture is still broadly unproductive, food is imported, consuming a portion of revenue.
So what can be done? Though African countries are poor, not all African cities are. In Lagos, foreign oil workers can pay as much as 65,000 dollars per year in rent for a modest apartment in a safe part of town. If that income were better taxed, it might provide the revenue for better infrastructure. If city leaders were more accountable to their residents, they might favour projects designed to help them more. Yet even as new roads are built, new people arrive. When a city’s population grows by 5% a year, it is difficult to keep up.
76.?What?do?we?learn?from?the?passage?about?cities?in?sub-Saharan?Africa?
A.They?have?more?slums?than?other?cities?in?the?world.
B.They?are?growing?fast?without?becoming?richer.
C.They?are?as?modernised?as?many?cities?elsewhere.
D.They?attract?migrants?who?want?to?be?better?off.
77.?What?does?the?author?imply?about?urbanisation?in?other?parts?of?the?world?
A.It?benefited?from?the?contribution?of?immigrants.
B.It?started?when?people’s?income?was?relatively?high.
C.It?benefited?from?the?accelerated?rise?in?productivity.
D.It?started?with?the?improvement?of?peopled?livelihood.
78.?Why?is?sub-Saharan?Africa?unappealing?to?investors?
A.It?lacks?adequate?transport?facilities.
B.The?living?expenses?there?are?too?high.
C.It?is?on?the?whole?too?densely?populated.
D.The?local?governments?are?corrupted.
79.?In?what?way?does?the?author?say?African?cities?are?different?
A.They?have?attracted?huge?numbers?of?farm?labourers.
B.They?still?rely?heavily?on?agricultural?productivity.
C.They?have?developed?at?the?expense?of?nature.
D.They?depend?far?more?on?foreign?investment.
80.?What?might?be?a?solution?to?the?problems?facing?African?cities?
A.Lowering?of?apartment?rent.
B.tter?education?for?residents.
C.More?rational?overall?planning.
D.?more?responsible?government.
A letter written by Charles Darwin in 1875 has been returned to the Smithsonian Institution Archives (档案馆) by the FBI after being stolen twice.
“We realized in the mid-1970s that it was missing,” says Effie Kapsalis, head of the Smithsonian Insitution Archives. “It was noted as missing and likely taken by an intern (实习生), from what the FBI is telling us. Word got out that it was missing when someone asked to see the letter for research purposes,” and the intern put the letter back. “The intern likely took the letter again once nobody was watching it.”
Decades passed. Finally, the FBI received a tip that the stolen document was located very close to Washington, D… Their art crime team recovered the letter but were unable to press charges because the time of limitations had ended. The FBI worked closely with the Archives to determine that the letter was both authentic and definitely Smithsonian’s property.
The letter was written by Darwin to thank an American geologist, Dr. Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden, for sending him copies of his research into the geology of the region that would become Yellowstone National Park.
The letter is in fairly good condition, in spite of being out of the care of trained museum staff for so long. “It was luckily in good shape,” says Kapsalis, “and we just have to do some minor things in order to be able to unfold it. It has some glue on it that has colored it slightly, but nothing that will prevent us from using it. fter it is repaired, we will take digital photos of it and that will be available online. One of our goals is to get items of high research value or interest to the public online.”
It would now be difficult for an intern, visitor or a thief to steal a document like this. “Archiving practices have changed greatly since the 1970s,” says Kapsalis, “and we keep our high value documents in a safe that I don’t even have access to.”
81.?What?happened?to?Darwin’s?letter?in?the?1970s?
A.It?was?recovered?by?the?FBI
B.It?was?stolen?more?than?once.
C.It?was?put?in?the?archives?for?research?purposes.
D.It?was?purchased?by?the?Smithsonian?Archives.
82.?What?did?the?FBI?do?after?the?recovery?of?the?letter?
A.They?proved?its?authenticity.?
B.They?kept?it?in?a?special?safe.
C.They?arrested?the?suspect?immediately.
D.They?pressed?criminal?charges?in?vain.
83.?What?is?Darwin’s?letter?about?
A.The?evolution?of?Yellowstone?National?Park.
B.His?cooperation?with?an?American?geologist.
C.Some?geological?evidence?supporting?his?theory.
D.His?acknowledgement?of?help?from?a?professional.
84.?What?will?the?Smithsonian?Institution?Archives?do?with?the?letter?according?to?Kapsalis?
A.Reserve?it?for?research?purposes?only.?
B.Turn?it?into?an?object?of?high?interest.
C.Keep?it?a?permanent?secret.?
D.Make?it?available?online.
85.?What?has?the?past?half?century?witnessed?according?to?Kapsalis?
A.Growing?interest?in?rare?art?objects.
B.Radical?changes?in?archiving?practices.
C.Recovery?of?various?missing?documents.
D.Increases?in?the?value?of?museum?exhibits.
A new batch of young women—members of the so-called Millennial (千禧的) generation—has been entering the workforce for the past decade. t the starting line of their careers, they are better educated than their mothers and grandmothers had been—or than their young male counterparts are now. ut when they look ahead, they see roadblocks to their success. They believe that women are paid less than men for doing the same job. They think it’s easier for men to get top executive jobs than it is for them. nd they assume that if and when they have children, it will be even harder for them to advance in their careers.
While the public sees greater workplace equality between men and women now than it did 20-30 years ago, most believe more change is needed. mong Millennial women, 75% say this country needs to continue making changes to achieve gender equality in the workplace, compared with 57% of Millennial men. ven so, relatively few young women (15%) say they have been discriminated against at work because of their gender.
As Millennial women come of age they share many of the same views and values about work as their male counterparts. They want jobs that provide security and flexibility, and they place relatively little importance on high pay. t the same time, however, young working women are less likely than men to aim at top management jobs: 34% say they’re not interested in becoming a boss or top manager; only 24% of young men say the same. The gender gap on this question is even wider among working adults in their 30s and 40s, when many women face the trade-offs that go with work and motherhood.
These findings are based on a new Pew Research Center survey of 2,002 adults, including 810 Millennials (ages 18-32), conducted Oct. 7-27, 2013. The survey finds that, in spite of the dramatic gains women have made in educational attainment and labor force participation in recent decades, young women view this as a man’s world—just as middle-aged and older women do.
86.What do we learn from the first paragraph about Millennial women starting their careers?
A.They can get ahead only by striving harder.
B.They expect to succeed just like Millennial men.
C.They are generally quite optimistic about their future.
D.They are better educated than their male counterparts.
87.How do most Millennial women feel about their treatment in the workplace?
A.They are the target of discrimination.
B.They find it satisfactory on the whole.
C.They think it needs further improving.
D.They find their complaints ignored.
88.What do Millennial women value most when coming of age?
A. sense of accomplishment.
B.Job stability and flexibility.
C.Rewards and promotions.
D.Joy derived from work.
89.What are women in their 30s and 40s concerned about?
A.The welfare of their children.
B.The narrowing of the gender gap.
C.The fulfillment of their dreams in life.
D.The balance between work and family.
90.What conclusion can be drawn about Millennial women from the 2013 survey?
A.They still view this world as one dominated by males.
B.They account for half the workforce in the job market.
C.They see the world differently from older generations.
D.They do better in work than their male counterparts.
In the classic marriage vow(誓约),couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. ut a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife—not the husband— becomes seriously ill.
“Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce,” said researcher Amelia Karraker. Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. t the time of the first interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.
The researchers examined how the onset(发生)of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence of new chronic(慢性的)illness onset increased over time as well, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems. “We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness,” Karraker said. “They’re more likely to be widowed, and if they’re the ones who become ill, they’re more likely to get divorced.”
While the study didn’t assess why divorce is more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. “Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving may make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses,” Karraker said. “And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women.”
Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce.
“Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages,” she said. “But it’s also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs.”
91.What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?
A.They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.
B.They are as binding as they used to be.
C.They are not taken seriously any more.
D.They may help couples tide over hard times.
92.What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?
A.They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.
B.They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.
C.They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.
D.They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.
93.What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?
A.They are more likely to be widowed.
B.They are more likely to get divorced.
C.They are less likely to receive good care.
D.They are less likely to bother their spouses.
94.Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?
A.They are more accustomed to receiving care.
B.They find it more important to make money for the family.
C.They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.
D.They expect society to do more of the job.
95.What does Karraker think is also important?
A.Reducing marital stress on wives.
B.Providing extra care for divorced women.
C.Stabilizing old couples’ relations.
D.Making men pay for their wives, health costs.
You probably know about the Titanic, but it was actually just one of three state-of-the-art (先进的) ocean ships back in the day. The Olympic class ships were built by the Harland & Wolff ship makers in Northern Ireland for the White Star Line company. The Olympic class included the Olympic, the Britannic and the Titanic. What you may not know is that the Titanic wasn’t even the flagship of this class. ll in all, the Olympic class ships were marvels of sea engineering, but they seemed cursed to suffer disastrous fates.
The Olympic launched first in 1910, followed by the Titanic in 1911, and lastly the Britannic in 1914. The ships had nine decks, and White Star Line decided to focus on making them the most luxurious ships on the water.
Stretching 269.13 meters, the Olympic class ships were wonders of naval technology, and everyone thought that they would continue to be so for quite some time. However, all suffered terrible accidents on the open seas. The Olympic got wrecked before the Titanic did, but it was the only one to survive and maintain a successful career of 24 years. The Titanic was the first to sink after famously hitting a huge iceberg in 1912. Following this disaster, the Britannic hit a naval mine in 1916 and subsequently sank as well.
Each ship was coal-powered by several boilers constantly kept running by exhausted crews below deck. Most recognizable of the ship designs are the ship’s smoke stacks, but the fourth stack was actually just artistic in nature and served no functional purpose. While two of these ships sank, they were all designed with double hulls (船体) believed to make them “unsinkable”, perhaps a mistaken idea that led to the Titanic’s and the Britannic’s tragic end.
The Olympic suffered two crashes with other ships and went on to serve as a hospital ship and troop transport in World War I. ventually, she was taken out of service in 1935, ending the era of the luxurious Olympic class ocean liners.
96.?What?does?the?passage?say?about?the?three?Olympic?class?ships?
A.They?performed?marvellously?on?the?sea.
B.They?could?all?break?the?ice?in?their?way.
C.They?all?experienced?terrible?misfortunes.
D.They?were?models?of?modern?engineering.
97.?What?did?White?Star?Line?have?in?mind?when?it?purchased?the?three?ships?
A.Their?capacity?of?sailing?across?all?waters.
B.The?utmost?comfort?passengers?could?enjoy.
C.Their?ability?to?survive?disasters?of?any?kind.
D.The?long?voyages?they?were?able?to?undertake.
98.?What?is?said?about?the?fourth?stack?of?the?ships?
A.It?was?a?mere?piece?of?decoration.
B.It?was?the?work?of?a?famous?artist.?
C.It?was?designed?to?let?out?extra?smoke.
D.It?was?easily?identifiable?from?afar.
99.?What?might?have?led?to?the?tragic?end?of?the?Titanic?and?the?Britannic?
A.Their?unscientific?designs.
B.Their?captains’?misjudgment.
C.The?assumption?that?they?were?built?with?the?latest?technology.
D.The?belief?that?they?could?never?sink?with?a?double-layer?body.
100.?What?happened?to?the?ship?Olympic?in?the?end?
A.She?was?used?to?carry?troops.
B.She?was?sunk?in?World?War?Ⅰ?
C.She?was?converted?into?a?hospital?ship.
D.She?was?retired?after?her?naval?service.
Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty scary. We know the risk of dementia (痴呆症) increases with age. ut if you have memory slips, you probably needn’t worry. There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss.
After age 50, it’s quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people, places and things quickly, says Dr. Kirk Daffner of Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston.
The brain ages just like the rest of the body. rtain parts shrink, especially areas in the brain that are important to learning, memory and planning. hanges in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain. nd blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels narrow.
Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie, for example, is nothing to worry about. ut if you forget the plot of the movie or don’t remember even seeing it, that’s far more concerning, Daffner says.
When you forget entire experiences, he says, that’s “a red flag that something more serious may be involved.” Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you’ve visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong.
But even then, Daffner says, people shouldn’t panic. There are many things that can cause confusion and memory loss, including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep, high blood pressure, or depression, as well as medications (药物) like antidepressants.
You don’t have to figure this out on your own. ffner suggests going to your doctor to check on medications, health problems and other issues that could be affecting memory. nd the best defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain’s cognitive (认知的) reserve, Daffner says.
“Read books, go to movies, take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways,” he says. In other words, keep your brain busy and working. nd also get physically active, because exercise is a known brain booster.
101.?Why?does?the?author?say?that?one?needn’t?be?concerned?about?memory?slips?
A.Not?all?of?them?are?symptoms?of?dementia.
B.They?occur?only?among?certain?groups?of?people.
C.Not?all?of?them?are?related?to?one’s?age.
D.They?are?quite?common?among?fifty-year-olds.
102.?What?happens?as?we?become?aged?according?to?the?passage?
A.Our?interaction?skills?deteriorate.?
B.Some?parts?of?our?brain?stop?functioning.
C.ommunication?within?our?brain?weakens.
D.Our?whole?brain?starts?shrinking.
103.?Which?memory-related?symptom?should?people?take?seriously?
A.Totally?forgetting?how?to?do?one’s?daily?routines.
B.Inability?to?recall?details?of?one’s?life?experiences.
C.Failure?to?remember?the?names?of?movies?or?actors.
D.Occasionally?confusing?the?addresses?of?one’s?friends.
104.?What?should?people?do?when?signs?of?serious?memory?loss?show?up?
A.heck?the?brain’s?cognitive?reserve.?
B.Stop?medications?affecting?memory.?
C.Turn?to?a?professional?for?assistance.
D.xercise?to?improve?their?well-being.
105.?What?is?Dr. ffner’s?advice?for?combating?memory?loss?
A.Having?regular?physical?and?mental?checkups.
B.Taking?medicine?that?helps?boost?one’s?brain.
C.ngaging?in?known?memory?repair?activities.
D.Staying?active?both?physically?and?mentally.
英语词汇学——在线考试复习资料答案
一、单选题
1.
二、判断题
51.
三、阅读理解
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
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