SMTP协议客户端

smtplib 模块定义了一个 SMTP 客户端会话对象：

import smtplib
smtplib.SMTP(host='', port=0, local_hostname=None, [timeout, ]source_address=None)

163邮箱的host 和 port：

host:smtp.163.com
port:25

实例化一个SMTP对象：

self.HOST = "smtp.163.com"
self.PORT = 25
self.smtp = smtplib.SMTP(self.HOST, self.PORT)

下文主要用到SMTP对象的login和send_message方法：

# login方法
# SMTP.login(user, password, *, initial_response_ok=True)
# user 是163的邮箱账号;
# password是163的授权码：需要开启你账号的smtp协议
# 163的邮箱账号
self.MAILID = "123456789**@163.com"
# 163的授权码
self.AUTHCODE = "0123456789101112"
# 登录
self.smtp.login(self.MAILID, self.AUTHCODE)
# send_message方法
# SMTP.send_message(msg, from_addr=None, to_addrs=None, mail_options=(), rcpt_options=())
# msg就是EmailMessage类的实例对象
# from_addr和 to_addrs 指定发送和接收的信息;如果为None就会从EmailMessage对象中查找字段 
self.msg = EmailMessage()
self.smtp.send_message(self.msg)

EmailMessage 邮件信息对象

# email.message.EmailMessage(policy=default)
# policy表示策略对象 默认default策略
self.msg = EmailMessage()
# 设置消息头 和 负载（就是 内容 ）
# 主题
self.msg["Subject"] = "Subject"
# 发送邮箱地址
self.msg["From"] = self.MAILID
# 接收邮箱地址 用逗号分隔可以群发
self.msg["To"] = "**@***.com,**@***.com"
# 邮件内容
self.msg.set_content("Hello World!")

# 效果同上 parsestr方法将字符串以\n分隔 返回EmailMessage对象
# 利用Parser(policy=default).parsestr(str)方法 返回消息对象
# self.msg = Parser().parsestr(f'From: {self.MAILID}\n'
#                              'To: **@***.com,**@***.com\n'
#                              'Subject: Subject\n'
#                              '\n'
#                              'Hello World!\n')

关于：email.policy: 策略对象

上面只是发送了简单的文字下面的方法可以添加附件：

# add_attachment方法
# EmailMessage().add_attachment(*args, content_manager=None, **kw)

# 同目录下data文件夹内的所有文件将被添加到附件
attch_dir = "data"
# logger.debug(os.listdir(data_path))
filenames = os.listdir(attch_dir)
for filename in filenames:
    file_path = os.path.join(attch_dir, filename)
    ctype, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(file_path)
    if ctype is None:
        ctype = "application/octet-stream"
    maintype, subtype = ctype.split("/")
    with open(file_path, "rb") as r:
        self.msg.add_attachment(
            r.read(), maintype=maintype, subtype=subtype, filename=filename)

完整实例代码：

import logging
import os
import smtplib
import mimetypes
from email.message import EmailMessage
from email.parser import Parser


logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
                    format="%(asctime)s>%(message)s", datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class EmailClass(object):
    """docstring for EmailClass"""

    def __init__(self):
        self.HOST = "smtp.163.com"
        self.PORT = 25
        self.MAILID = "123456789**@163.com"
        self.AUTHCODE = "0123456789101112"
        self.smtp = smtplib.SMTP(self.HOST, self.PORT)
        self.msg = EmailMessage()

    def send_Email(self):
        self.set_msg()
        with self.smtp:
            try:
                self.smtp.login(self.MAILID, self.AUTHCODE)
            except smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError as e:
                logger.error("登录失败:%s", e.args)
            else:
                self.smtp.send_message(self.msg)
                logger.info("发送成功")

    def set_msg(self):
        """设置邮件信息对象"""
        # 直接赋值
        self.msg["Subject"] = "Subject"
        self.msg["From"] = self.MAILID
        self.msg["To"] = "**@***.com,**@***.com"
        self.msg.set_content("Hello World!")

        # 利用Parser(policy=default).parsestr(str)方法 返回消息对象
        # self.msg = Parser().parsestr(f'From: {self.MAILID}\n'
        #                              'To: **@***.com,**@***.com\n'
        #                              'Subject: Subject\n'
        #                              '\n'
        #                              'Hello World!\n')
        self.add_attch()

    def add_attch(self):
        """
        给邮件信息对象添加附件
        同目录下data文件夹内的所有文件将被添加到附件
        """
        attch_dir = "data"
        # logger.debug(os.listdir(data_path))
        filenames = os.listdir(attch_dir)
        for filename in filenames:
            file_path = os.path.join(attch_dir, filename)
            ctype, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(file_path)
            if ctype is None:
                ctype = "application/octet-stream"
            maintype, subtype = ctype.split("/")
            with open(file_path, "rb") as r:
                self.msg.add_attachment(
                    r.read(), maintype=maintype, subtype=subtype, filename=filename)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    EmailClass().send_Email()