[网络协议]golang标准库中http包

http.Get()

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"log"
	"net/http"
)

func testGet() {
	key := "***********************"
	url := "http://apis.juhe.cn/simpleWeather/query?city=北京&key=" + key

	r, err := http.Get(url)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer r.Body.Close()
	b, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
	fmt.Printf("b: %v\n", string(b))

}
func main() {
	testGet()
}

把参数改为变量，而不是拼接在后面

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
)

func testGet() {
	params := url.Values{}
	u, err := url.Parse("http://apis.juhe.cn/simpleWeather/query")
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	params.Set("key", "**************************")
	params.Set("city", "北京")
	// 如果有中文参数，进行urlencode
	u.RawQuery = params.Encode()
	urlPath := u.String()
	fmt.Printf("urlPath: %v\n", urlPath)
	r, err1 := http.Get(urlPath)
	if err1 != nil {
		log.Fatal(err1)
	}
	defer r.Body.Close()
	b, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
	fmt.Printf("b: %v\n", string(b))

}
func main() {
	testGet()
}

解析json后

package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
)

func testJson() {
	type result struct {
		Reason    string                 `json:"reason"`
		Result    map[string]interface{} `json:"result"`
		ErrorCode int                    `json:"error_code"`
	}
	params := url.Values{}
	u, err := url.Parse("http://apis.juhe.cn/simpleWeather/query")
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	params.Set("key", "********************************")
	params.Set("city", "北京")
	// 如果有中文参数，进行urlencode
	u.RawQuery = params.Encode()
	urlPath := u.String()
	fmt.Printf("urlPath: %v\n", urlPath)
	r, err1 := http.Get(urlPath)
	if err1 != nil {
		log.Fatal(err1)
	}
	defer r.Body.Close()
	b, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
	var res result
	json.Unmarshal(b, &res)
	fmt.Printf("res: %+v\n", res)
}
func main() {
	testJson()
}

整理个时候数据如下：

{
	Reason:查询成功!
	Result:map[
		city:北京
		future:[
			map[
				date:2022-03-14
				direct:西风转东风
				temperature:5/18℃
				weather:晴
				wid:map[day:00 night:00]
			]
			map[date:2022-03-15 direct:北风转东北风 temperature:5/17℃ weather:晴转多云 wid:map[day:00 night:01]] '
			map[date:2022-03-16 direct:东风 temperature:3/12℃ weather:多云转阴 wid:map[day:01 night:02]]
			map[date:2022-03-17 direct:东风转东南风 temperature:0/4℃ weather:小雨转雨夹雪 wid:map[day:07 night:06]]
			map[date:2022-03-18 direct:北风转东北风 temperature:-2/4℃ weather:阴 wid:map[day:02 night:02]]
		]
		realtime:map[aqi:33 direct:西南风 humidity:20 info:晴 power:4级 temperature:18 wid:00]]
		ErrorCode:0
	}

测试http请求网址
http://httpbin.org/get

package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"log"
	"net/http"
)

func testGet() {
	type Result struct {
		Args    string            `json:"args"`
		Headers map[string]string `json:"headers"`
		Origin  string            `json:"origin"`
		Url     string            `json:"url"`
	}
	r, err := http.Get("http://httpbin.org/get")
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer r.Body.Close()
	b, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
	var res Result
	json.Unmarshal(b, &res)
	fmt.Printf("res: %#v\n", res)
}
func main() {
	testGet()
}

设置headers

package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net/http"
)

func testGet() {
	type Result struct {
		Args    string            `json:"args"`
		Headers map[string]string `json:"headers"`
		Origin  string            `json:"origin"`
		Url     string            `json:"url"`
	}
	c := &http.Client{}
	r, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://httpbin.org/get", nil)
	r.Header.Add("name", "xf")
	r.Header.Add("age", "18")
	r2, _ := c.Do(r)
	defer r2.Body.Close()
	b, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(r2.Body)
	var res Result
	json.Unmarshal(b, &res)
	fmt.Printf("res: %#v\n", res)
}
func main() {
	testGet()
}

http.post()

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
)

func testPost() {
	params := url.Values{}
	urlPath := "http://apis.juhe.cn/simpleWeather/query"
	params.Add("key", "********************************")
	params.Add("city", "北京")
	r, err1 := http.PostForm(urlPath, params)
	if err1 != nil {
		log.Fatal(err1)
	}
	defer r.Body.Close()
	b, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
	fmt.Printf("b: %v\n", string(b))
}
func main() {
	testPost()
}

另一种形式

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	"strings"
)

func testPost() {
	params := url.Values{
		"name": {"xf"},
		"age":  {"18"},
	}
	s := params.Encode()
	r, _ := http.Post("http://httpbin.org/post", "text/html", strings.NewReader(s))
	defer r.Body.Close()
	b, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
	fmt.Printf("b: %v\n", string(b))
}
func main() {
	testPost()
}

发送json数据

package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net/http"
)

func testPost() {
	data := make(map[string]interface{})
	data["name"] = "xf"
	data["age"] = 18
	b2, _ := json.Marshal(data)
	r, _ := http.Post("http://httpbin.org/post", "application/json", bytes.NewReader(b2))
	defer r.Body.Close()
	b, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
	fmt.Printf("b: %v\n", string(b))
}
func main() {
	testPost()
}

server功能

package main

import (
	"io"
	"net/http"
)

func testHttpServer() {
	f := func(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
		io.WriteString(resp, "hello world")
	}
	http.HandleFunc("/hello", f)
	http.ListenAndServe(":9999", nil)
}
func main() {
	testHttpServer()
}