引入 requests 包

import requests

注：发送请求(包括请求行、方法类型、头、体) & 常见的请求方式有get、post、put、delete

一、发送get请求

? ? ? ? ? ?格式：requests.get() (内容： url必填； params选填：url参数字典)

# ~ 不带参数的get请求

res = requests.get(url='http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWS.asmx/getRegionProvince')
print(res.text)
#打印响应主体内容，字符串格式

?# ~ 带参数的get请求

res = requests.get(url='http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWS.asmx/getSupportCityString?theRegionCode=3113')
print(res.text)

# ~ 使用params的get请求

res = requests.get(url='http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWS.asmx/getSupportCityString',
                  params={"theRegionCode":3113})
print(res.text)

二、发送post请求

? ? ? ?知识扩展#??requests.post() post请求分为5种，常用的有三种，如下
? ? ? ①application/x-www-form-urlencod (form表单)；
? ? ? ②raw (纯文本格式)：有5种格式，分别为json/xml/Html/Text/JavaScrip
? ? ? ③multipart/form-data (复合式表单)

1.? ?form表单(application/x-www-form-urlencod)? ? ? ? ?-----data? ?后跟字典

? ? ?eg.1: 带参数的查询接口

res = requests.post(url='http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWS.asmx/getSupportCityString',
              headers={"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"},
              data={"theRegionCode": 3113})
print(res.text)

? ? ?eg.2: 带账号名密码的登录接口

res = requests.post(url='http://123.56.99.53:9000/event/api/admin/',
              headers={"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"},
              data={"username": "admin", "password": "MTIzYWRtaW4="})
print(res.text)

2.? ?纯文本格式(raw)

? ? ? ?# ~ xml格式? ? ----data? ? 后跟字符串

res = requests.post(url='http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWS.asmx',
              headers ={"Content-Type": "text/xml; charset=utf-8",
                       "SOAPAction": "http://WebXml.com.cn/getSupportCityString"},
              data = '''<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
  <soap:Body>
    <getSupportCityString xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">
      <theRegionCode>string</theRegionCode>
    </getSupportCityString>
  </soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>''')
print(res.text)

? ? ? ?# ~json格式? ? ? ?-----?json? 后跟字典(常用)， or ----data? 后跟json字符串

res = requests.post(url='http://123.56.99.53:5000/event/weather/getWeather/',
             headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"},
             json={"theCityCode": "1001"})
print(res.text)

注：# json后面跟的是字典即json={"theCityCode": "1001"})，可改成 data=‘{"theCityCode": "1001"})’；字典能自动转为json字符串，所以一般用字典表示；建议纯json正文的接口使用第一种方式，除非是较长的字符串? ? ?

? ? ? ?# ~复合式表单(multipart/form-data )? ? ? ----?key value (接口名称：文件名）

res = requests.post(url='http://123.56.99.53:9001/api/uploadFile/',
              headers={"Cookie": "uid=1;token=44c972f05d76fdd93c31f9c2b65bb098f308cdfc"
                      #"Content-Type": "multipart/form-data"},
#有的接口不需要写正文体格式，老服务器一般需要写
              files={"myfile1": open('D:\全力以富\1.docx', 'rb')
                     #"myfile2: open(上传多个文件)"})
print(res.text)

? ? ? ? ? ?注：上传接口 files={‘文件路径’,‘rb'}? rb表示上传二进制文件

高级选项? cookie放置

res = requests.post(url='http://123.56.99.53:9001/api/uploadFile/',
              cookies={"uid": "1", "token": "44c972f05d76fdd93c31f9c2b65bb098f308cdfc"},
              files={"myfile": open('D:\全力以富\文艺清新单页10.docx', 'rb')
                     })
print(res.text)

res = requests.post(url='http://123.56.99.53:9001/api/get_salesMonthly/',
                    headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"},
                    json={"city": "110000", "month": "3"},
                    cookies={"uid": "1", "token": "44c972f05d76fdd93c31f9c2b65bb098f308cdfc"})
print(res.text)

习题：cookies获取：先登录——再获取——给查询接口用

res1 = requests.post(url='http://123.56.99.53:9001/api/login/',
                    headers={"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"},
                    data={"username": "admin", "password": "liulaoshi123"},
                    allow_redirects=False)
#requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(res1.cookies)
# 从 cookie 对象中转字典可用来查看cookies
res2 = requests.post(url='http://123.56.99.53:9001/api/get_salesMonthly/',
                    headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"},
                    json={"city": "110000", "month": "3"},
                    cookies=res1.cookies)
print(res2.text)

注： allow_redirects=False ----不允许自动重定向