[网络协议] django-channel(websocket)

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[网络协议]django-channel(websocket)

官文:

https://channels.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorial/part_3.html

安装:

pip install channel, channel-redis

配置

# settings.py中添加

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...,
    'channels',
]
ASGI_APPLICATION = '项目名.asgi.application'





注:推荐使用版本大于django3.0(配置)
asgi.py中添加

import os
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter
from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', '项目名.settings')

application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
    "http": get_asgi_application(),
    # Just HTTP for now. (We can add other protocols later.)
})



django2.2配置(因为没asgi文件,自建一个asgi.py文件)

import os
import django
from channels.http import AsgiHandler
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', '项目名.settings')
django.setup()

application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
  "http": AsgiHandler(),
  # Just HTTP for now. (We can add other protocols later.)
})

启动服务,展示下面日志便启动成功(ASGI)
在这里插入图片描述

此时已经配置成功

单向通讯(实操)

单向通讯不用redis即可实现

在自己项目下新建consumers.py

# front_end/consumer.py

import json
from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer


class ChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):
    def connect(self):
        self.accept()

    def disconnect(self, close_code):
        pass

    def receive(self, text_data):
        text_data_json = json.loads(text_data)
        message = text_data_json['message']

        self.send(text_data=json.dumps({
            'message': message
        }))

在自己项目下新建routing.py

from django.urls import path
from front_end import consumers

websocket_urlpatterns = [
    path(r'ws/chat/', consumers.ChatConsumer.as_asgi()),
]

asgi.py中注册url

2.2版本
import os

import django
from channels.http import AsgiHandler
from channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
from channels.security.websocket import AllowedHostsOriginValidator

from front_end import routing

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', '项目名.settings')
django.setup()

application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
    "http": AsgiHandler(),
    # Just HTTP for now. (We can add other protocols later.)
    "websocket": AllowedHostsOriginValidator(    # 新增部分
            AuthMiddlewareStack(                         
                URLRouter(
                    routing.websocket_urlpatterns
                )
            )
        ),
})




3.0及以上
# 项目名/asgi.py
import os

from channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
from channels.security.websocket import AllowedHostsOriginValidator
from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "项目名.settings")
django_asgi_app = get_asgi_application()

import chat.routing

application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
  "http": django_asgi_app,
  "websocket": AllowedHostsOriginValidator(
        AuthMiddlewareStack(
            URLRouter(
                routing.websocket_urlpatterns
            )
        )
    ),
})

websocket在线测试
http://www.websocket-test.com/

ws://127.0.0.1:8000/ws/chat/
发送: {"message": "测试发送一下"}

双向通道(多人聊天配置)

settings.py中配置redis

CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
    'default': {
        'BACKEND': 'channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer',
        'CONFIG': {
          "hosts": [('127.0.0.1', 6379)]， # 不带密码
          注: 不带密码在未关掉redis安全保护的情况不能访问公网redis
			(redis.conf注释掉bind 127.0.0.1, 找到 protected-mode yes 把 yes 改为 no)
		
           #  "hosts": ["redis://:密码@IP:端口/1"],  带密码配置
        },
    },
}