概述
TCP:类似于打电话这种,接通后双方开始通话。 UDP:类似于发短信这种,一方发送一方接收。
计算机网络
计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
网络编程的目的
传播交流信息,数据交换,通信。
网络编程中方的主要问题
- 如何准确定位到网络上的一台或多台主机
- 找到主机之后如何通信
网络通信的要素
TCP/IP参考模型
IP
IP地址:InetAddress
- 唯一定位一台网络上的计算机
- 127.0.0.1:本机localhost
- IP地址的分类:ipv4 / ipv6、公网/私网
获取ip
package com.zls.demo01;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getCanonicalHostName());
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostName());
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
端口
概念
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程。
- 不同的进程 有不同的端口号,用于区分软件
- 单个协议下端口号不能冲突
- 端口号分类:
- 公有端口: 0 ~ 1023。
HTTP:80;HTTPS:443;FTP:21;Telent:23; - 私有端口: 1024 ~ 49151。分配给用户或者程序员
Tomcat:8080;MySQL:3306;Oracle:1521; - 动态端口: 49152 ~ 65535
关于端口的指令
netstat -ano
netstat -ano|findstr "5900"
tasklist|findstr "8696"
Ctrl + Shift + Esc
获取端口
package com.zls.demo01;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
System.out.println(socketAddress);
System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());
}
}
通信协议
实现消息传递
模拟服务端
- 建立服务器的端口 ServerSocket
- 等待用户的链接
- 接收用户的消息
package com.zls.demo02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
socket = serverSocket.accept();
is = socket.getInputStream();
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (baos != null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket != null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
模拟客户端
- 连接服务器Socket
- 发送消息
package com.zls.demo02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好世界".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (os != null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
结果
在运行服务器端后在运行客户端,服务器端就能接收到客户端发来的消息
实现文件上传
模拟服务端
- 建立服务器的端口 ServerSocket
- 等待用户的链接
- 接收用户的消息
package com.zls.demo02;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write(("我接收完毕了").getBytes());
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
模拟客户端
- 连接服务器Socket
- 发送消息
package com.zls.demo02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("tx.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
socket.shutdownOutput();
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2 = inputStream.read(buffer2)) != -1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
}
}
结果
UDP
发送消息
模拟服务端
(流程在代码注释中)
package com.zls.demo03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0, packet.getLength()));
socket.close();
}
}
模拟客户端
(流程在代码注释中)
package com.zls.demo03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
String msg = "你好呀,服务器";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
socket.send(packet);
socket.close();
}
}
结果
实现聊天(连续发送)
模拟接收端
package com.zls.demo03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while(true){
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye"))
break;
}
socket.close();
}
}
模拟发送端
package com.zls.demo03;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye"))
break;
}
socket.close();
}
}
结果
成功发送: 成功接收:
实现在线咨询(双发都可以发送和接收)
要通过线程实现
发送类
package com.zls.demo03;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
String data = null;
try {
data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye"))
break;
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
接收类
package com.zls.demo03;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port, String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
try {
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(msgFrom + ":" + receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye"))
break;
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
开启线程
注意端口的对应关系
结果
学生视角: 老师视角:
URL
统一资源定位器:定位互联网上的某一个资源。
实现在网站上下载资源: (该网址是提前打开tomcat放置的一个文件)
package com.zls.demo04;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost/zls/secretFile.txt");
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("secretFile.txt");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
fos.close();;
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}
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