企业运维之 zabbix 监控部署--监控应用
在前面的博客中介绍了如何部署企业级监控，以及监控主机时的几种发现方式，以及对于API接口的管理做了简单的介绍和操作演示；接下来就要做应用层面的监控。
链接: link .
1. Apache监控
在前面的基础上，server1位server端；server2和server3为agent端。
在server2上安装apache ，然后让其被监控。
- 安装apache
[root@server2 ~]# yum install -y httpd
[root@server2 ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@server2 ~]# echo www.westos.org > /var/www/html/index.html
[root@server2 ~]# curl localhost
www.westos.org
- 在监控页面直接用模板来添加监控：
添加后可以在监控项中看到相关信息，只有一条监控项， 是关于HTTP运行情况的。
可以看出它只是一般检查，过于简单，相对来说并不可考。
而且在实际业务中使用的监控并不一定有现成模板,很大概率需要自行编写监控规则,下面用NGINX来进行举例.
2. Nginx 监控
在server3上源码编译安装nginx服务并安装监控模块；
- 编译nginx
[root@server3 ~]# yum install -y gcc pcre-devel openssl-devel #下载编译需要的依赖性
[root@server3 ~]# ls
nginx-1.18.0 nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
[root@server3 ~]# cd nginx-1.18.0
[root@server3 nginx-1.18.0]# ls
auto CHANGES CHANGES.ru conf configure contrib html LICENSE man README src
[root@server3 nginx-1.18.0]# vim auto/cc/gcc
172 #CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g"
[root@server3 nginx-1.18.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module
[root@server3 nginx-1.18.0]# make & make install
[root@server3 ~]# vim .bash_profile
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/nginx/sbin
[root@server3 ~]# source .bash_profile
[root@server3 ~]# nginx
[root@server3 ~]# curl localhost
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
编辑配置文件，让其怎么对外开放；
[root@server3 conf]# vim nginx.conf
48 location /status {
49 stub_status on;
50 access_log off;
51 allow 127.0.0.1;
52 deny all;
53 }
[root@server3 conf]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@server3 conf]# nginx -s reload
[root@server3 conf]# cd
[root@server3 ~]# curl http://127.0.0.1/status #外部访问有问题
Active connections: 1
server accepts handled requests
4 4 7
Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 0
那么主要问题就是Server端如何拿到这串信息中有用的部分了。
[root@server3 ~]# curl -s http://127.0.0.1/status | grep Active
Active connections: 1
[root@server3 ~]# curl -s http://127.0.0.1/status | grep Active | awk '{print $3}'
1
[root@server3 ~]# cd /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/
[root@server3 zabbix_agentd.d]# ls
userparameter_mysql.conf
[root@server3 zabbix_agentd.d]# cp userparameter_mysql.conf userparameter_nginx.conf
[root@server3 zabbix_agentd.d]# vim ##将这一操作编写为规则userparameter_nginx.conf
[root@server3 zabbix_agentd.d]# cat userparameter_nginx.conf
UserParameter=nginx_active,curl -s http://127.0.0.1/status | grep Active | awk '{print $3}'
[root@server3 zabbix_agentd.d]# systemctl restart zabbix-agent.service #重启服务
- 在server端
需要安装软件包，然后来获取；
[root@server1 ~]# yum install -y zabbix-get
[root@server1 ~]# zabbix_get -s 172.25.25.3 -p 10050 -k "nginx_active"
1
以上的过程是手动的取，前端监控页面完成规则的添加，让其自动获取；
创建监控项：
新增监控项,注意键值与之前所写的一定要相同, 名称则没有要求。
创建图形详细操作：
同理可以监控其他信息:
[root@server3 zabbix_agentd.d]# curl -s http://127.0.0.1/status | awk 'NR==3 {print $1}'
33
[root@server3 zabbix_agentd.d]# curl -s http://127.0.0.1/status | awk 'NR==3 {print $2}'
34
[root@server3 zabbix_agentd.d]# curl -s http://127.0.0.1/status | awk 'NR==3 {print $3}'
38
[root@server3 zabbix_agentd.d]# vim userparameter_nginx.conf
[root@server3 zabbix_agentd.d]# cat userparameter_nginx.conf
UserParameter=nginx_active,curl -s http://127.0.0.1/status | grep Active | awk '{print $3}'
UserParameter=nginx_accpet,curl -s http://127.0.0.1/status | awk 'NR==3 {print $1}'
UserParameter=nginx_handle,curl -s http://127.0.0.1/status | awk 'NR==3 {print $2}'
UserParameter=nginx_request,curl -s http://127.0.0.1/status | awk 'NR==3 {print $3}'
[root@server3 zabbix_agentd.d]# systemctl restart zabbix-agent.service
#在server1上来获得
[root@server1 ~]# zabbix_get -s 172.25.25.3 -p 10050 -k "nginx_accpet"
46
[root@server1 ~]# zabbix_get -s 172.25.25.3 -p 10050 -k "nginx_handle"
47
[root@server1 ~]# zabbix_get -s 172.25.25.3 -p 10050 -k "nginx_request"
51
然后再依次来创建监控项，然后再图形中让其加入：
3. Mysql 监控
- 手动结合mysql与zabbix
zabbix添加服务会读取/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/的.conf文件，手动监控添加mysql即编写musql相关.conf文件。由于server1主机已存在mysql，所以server1既可以当主机，又可以当agent机。
由于此时mysql并不像nginx可以直接返回值，需要做进一步的设定；
[root@server1 ~]# cd /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/
[root@server1 zabbix_agentd.d]# ls
userparameter_mysql.conf
[root@server1 zabbix_agentd.d]# cat userparameter_mysql.conf
# For all the following commands HOME should be set to the directory that has .my.cnf file with password information.
# Flexible parameter to grab global variables. On the frontend side, use keys like mysql.status[Com_insert].
# Key syntax is mysql.status[variable].
UserParameter=mysql.status[*],echo "show global status where Variable_name='$1';" | HOME=/var/lib/zabbix mysql -N | awk '{print $$2}'
# Flexible parameter to determine database or table size. On the frontend side, use keys like mysql.size[zabbix,history,data].
# Key syntax is mysql.size[<database>,<table>,<type>].
# Database may be a database name or "all". Default is "all".
# Table may be a table name or "all". Default is "all".
# Type may be "data", "index", "free" or "both". Both is a sum of data and index. Default is "both".
# Database is mandatory if a table is specified. Type may be specified always.
# Returns value in bytes.
# 'sum' on data_length or index_length alone needed when we are getting this information for whole database instead of a single table
UserParameter=mysql.size[*],bash -c 'echo "select sum($(case "$3" in both|"") echo "data_length+index_length";; data|index) echo "$3_length";; free) echo "data_free";; esac)) from information_schema.tables$([[ "$1" = "all" || ! "$1" ]] || echo " where table_schema=\"$1\"")$([[ "$2" = "all" || ! "$2" ]] || echo "and table_name=\"$2\"");" | HOME=/var/lib/zabbix mysql -N'
UserParameter=mysql.ping,HOME=/var/lib/zabbix mysqladmin ping | grep -c alive
UserParameter=mysql.version,mysql -V
[root@server1 zabbix_agentd.d]# zabbix_get -s 172.25.25.1 -p 10050 -k 'mysql.ping'
zabbix_get [1541]: Check access restrictions in Zabbix agent configuration
#无法获得结果，根据文件信息，需要建立目录和文件
[root@server1 zabbix_agentd.d]# mkdir /var/lib/zabbix
[root@server1 zabbix_agentd.d]# cd /var/lib/zabbix
[root@server1 zabbix]# ls
[root@server1 zabbix]# vim my.cnf
[root@server1 zabbix]# cat my.cnf
[mysql]
host = localhost
user = root
password = westos
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqladmin]
host = localhost
user = root
password = westos
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[root@server1 zabbix]# systemctl restart zabbix-agent
[root@server1 zabbix]# zabbix_get -s 127.0.0.1 -p 10050 -k 'mysql.version'
mysql Ver 15.1 Distrib 5.5.60-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1
在前端界面进行监控项的设置
此模板所用的监控项太少，换成下面的方式。
- percona-mysql 模板结合 mysql 与 zabbix
与前面的相比 Percona Monitoring Plugins 带有190多个监控项。
首先删掉之前手动添加的mysql数据库模块，在监控页面 主机 -> 模板 -> 取消链接并清理。
这么多监控项全部手动添加显然是不现实的, 需要使用模板倒入;
下载软件包并配置信息：
[root@server1 ~]# ls
percona-zabbix-templates-1.1.8-1.noarch.rpm zabbix_api.sh
[root@server1 ~]# rpm -ivh percona-zabbix-templates-1.1.8-1.noarch.rpm
warning: percona-zabbix-templates-1.1.8-1.noarch.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID cd2efd2a: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:percona-zabbix-templates-1.1.8-1 ################################# [100%]
Scripts are installed to /var/lib/zabbix/percona/scripts
Templates are installed to /var/lib/zabbix/percona/templates
[root@server1 ~]# cd /var/lib/zabbix/percona/scripts
[root@server1 scripts]# ls #包含搜集数据所需的shell脚本和php文件
get_mysql_stats_wrapper.sh ss_get_mysql_stats.php
[root@server1 scripts]# cd /var/lib/zabbix/percona/templates
[root@server1 templates]# ls #模板
userparameter_percona_mysql.conf zabbix_agent_template_percona_mysql_server_ht_2.0.9-sver1.1.8.xml
[root@server1 templates]# cp userparameter_percona_mysql.conf /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/
[root@server1 templates]# cd /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/
[root@server1 zabbix_agentd.d]# ls
userparameter_mysql.conf userparameter_percona_mysql.conf
[root@server1 ~]# wc -l /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/userparameter_percona_mysql.conf
190 /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/userparameter_percona_mysql.conf
为了能够正确链接数据库获取信息，需要修改ss_get_mysql_stats.php php脚本中数据库登陆相关内容：
[root@server1 ~]# cd /var/lib/zabbix/percona/scripts
[root@server1 scripts]# ls
get_mysql_stats_wrapper.sh ss_get_mysql_stats.php
[root@server1 scripts]# vim ss_get_mysql_stats.php
30 $mysql_user = 'root';
31 $mysql_pass = 'westos';
通过调用脚本来确定功能呢个是否能够实现：
[root@server1 scripts]# /var/lib/zabbix/percona/scripts/get_mysql_stats_wrapper.sh gg
22
[root@server1 scripts]# cd /tmp/ #执行完之后会生成数据
[root@server1 tmp]# ls
localhost-mysql_cacti_stats.txt
systemd-private-9e47cdd214544d9fb1164b22866a01c7-httpd.service-wzimn9
systemd-private-9e47cdd214544d9fb1164b22866a01c7-mariadb.service-V3KBwx
[root@server1 tmp]# zabbix_get -s 127.0.0.1 -p 10050 -k 'MySQL.pool-size'
8191
测试结束删除/tmp/下生成的文本文件，用为root用户下测试的文件器与用户无法写入；
[root@server1 tmp]# ls
localhost-mysql_cacti_stats.txt
systemd-private-9e47cdd214544d9fb1164b22866a01c7-httpd.service-wzimn9
systemd-private-9e47cdd214544d9fb1164b22866a01c7-mariadb.service-V3KBwx
[root@server1 tmp]# rm -fr localhost-mysql_cacti_stats.txt
为监控页面导入模板，方便进行自动化扫描：
添加新的模板：
此时再次查看时会发现多了一百多个监控项；图形处也变了很多。
4. zabbix 监控Tomcat
Tomcat 在java虚拟机中默认操作无法实现对其监控；不过 zabbix也提供了组件zabbix-java-geteway.
先在server2上部署java环境，然后下载Tomcat的包；
[root@server2 tomcat]# yum install -y java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64
#安装并运行tomcat
[root@server2 ~]# tar zxf apache-tomcat-7.0.37.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@server2 ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@server2 local]# ls
apache-tomcat-7.0.37 bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec sbin share src
[root@server2 local]# ln -s apache-tomcat-7.0.37/ tomcat
[root@server2 local]# cd tomcat/
[root@server2 tomcat]# ls
bin conf lib LICENSE logs NOTICE RELEASE-NOTES RUNNING.txt temp webapps work
[root@server2 tomcat]# ./bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
此时便开启8080端口。
修改配置文件，增加额外监听端口：
[root@server2 tomcat]# ./bin/shutdown.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
[root@server2 bin]# pwd
/usr/local/tomcat/bin
[root@server2 bin]# vim catalina.sh
99 CATALINA_OPTS='
100 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=8888
101 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false
102 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false
103 '
[root@server2 bin]# ./startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
[root@server2 bin]# netstat -antlp| grep :8888
tcp6 0 0 :::8888 :::* LISTEN 18758/java
此时网页中访问：http://172.25.25.2:8080/时可以看到tomcat已经到位；
在server1上安装监控java的组件并完成配置：
[root@server1 ~]# yum install -y zabbix-java-gateway
[root@server1 ~]# cd /etc/zabbix/ #配置目录
[root@server1 zabbix]# ls
web zabbix_agentd.d zabbix_java_gateway_logback.xml
zabbix_agentd.conf zabbix_java_gateway.conf zabbix_server.conf
[root@server1 zabbix]# systemctl enable --now zabbix-java-gateway
[root@server1 zabbix]# netstat -antlp | grep :10052
tcp6 0 0 :::10052 :::* LISTEN 21847/java
设置网关位置，并设定默认开启进程数：
[root@server1 zabbix]# vim zabbix_server.conf
289 JavaGateway=172.25.25.1
305 StartJavaPollers=5
[root@server1 zabbix]# systemctl restart zabbix-server
在网页信息中添加对JMX接口的支持：
添加完成之后会多很多JVM的包；
