Preparing to build RPMs

The main tasks in building RPMs are:

Planning what you want to build
- 应用软件
- 二进制程序、程序库
- 一堆系统配置文件
- 文档包
- 创建一个二进制RPM或者是一个src.rpm包
  - tar.gz，spec
  - 手动去编译
Gathering the software to package
Patching the software as needed
Creating a reproducible build of the software
Planning for upgrades
Outlining any dependencies（Spec文件）

Building the RPMs

Set up the directory structure(禁止使用root用户)

BUILD 源代码解压后放的位置，只需要提供这个目录
RPMS 制作完成后的rpm包存放目录，里面还有子目录i386，交叉编译，noarch没有平台限制
SOURCES 原材料，tar.gz、补丁、配置文件
SPECS 存放spec文件，nginx.spec
SRPMS src格式的rpm包，src.rpm官方提供

yum install rpm-build

[root@oe-20-03-LTS ~]# rpmbuild --help
Usage: rpmbuild [OPTION...]

Build options with [ <specfile> | <tarball> | <source package> ]:
      -bp                        build through %prep (unpack sources and apply patches) from <specfile>
      -bc                        build through %build (%prep, then compile) from <specfile>
      -bi                        build through %install (%prep, %build, then install) from <specfile>
      -bl                        verify %files section from <specfile>
      -ba                        build source and binary packages from <specfile>
      -bb                        build binary package only from <specfile>
      -bs                        build source package only from <specfile>
      -rp                        build through %prep (unpack sources and apply patches) from <source
                                 package>
      -rc                        build through %build (%prep, then compile) from <source package>
      -ri                        build through %install (%prep, %build, then install) from <source package>
      -rl                        verify %files section from <source package>
      -ra                        build source and binary packages from <source package>
      -rb                        build binary package only from <source package>
      -rs                        build source package only from <source package>
      -tp                        build through %prep (unpack sources and apply patches) from <tarball>
      -tc                        build through %build (%prep, then compile) from <tarball>
      -ti                        build through %install (%prep, %build, then install) from <tarball>
      -ta                        build source and binary packages from <tarball>
      -tb                        build binary package only from <tarball>
      -ts                        build source package only from <tarball>
      --rebuild                  build binary package from <source package>
      --recompile                build through %install (%prep, %build, then install) from <source package>
      --buildroot=DIRECTORY      override build root
      --build-in-place           run build in current directory
      --clean                    remove build tree when done
      --nobuild                  do not execute any stages of the build
      --nodeps                   do not verify build dependencies
      --nodirtokens              generate package header(s) compatible with (legacy) rpm v3 packaging
      --noclean                  do not execute %clean stage of the build
      --noprep                   do not execute %prep stage of the build
      --nocheck                  do not execute %check stage of the build
      --rmsource                 remove sources when done
      --rmspec                   remove specfile when done
      --short-circuit            skip straight to specified stage (only for c,i)
      --target=CPU-VENDOR-OS     override target platform

Common options for all rpm modes and executables:
  -D, --define='MACRO EXPR'      define MACRO with value EXPR
      --undefine=MACRO           undefine MACRO
  -E, --eval='EXPR'              print macro expansion of EXPR
      --target=CPU-VENDOR-OS     Specify target platform
      --macros=<FILE:...>        read <FILE:...> instead of default file(s)
      --noplugins                don't enable any plugins
      --nodigest                 don't verify package digest(s)
      --nosignature              don't verify package signature(s)
      --rcfile=<FILE:...>        read <FILE:...> instead of default file(s)
  -r, --root=ROOT                use ROOT as top level directory (default: "/")
      --dbpath=DIRECTORY         use database in DIRECTORY
      --querytags                display known query tags
      --showrc                   display final rpmrc and macro configuration
      --quiet                    provide less detailed output
  -v, --verbose                  provide more detailed output
      --version                  print the version of rpm being used

Options implemented via popt alias/exec:
      --with=<option>            enable configure <option> for build
      --without=<option>         disable configure <option> for build
      --buildpolicy=<policy>     set buildroot <policy> (e.g. compress man pages)
      --sign                     generate GPG signature (deprecated, use command rpmsign instead)
      --nodebuginfo              do not generate debuginfo for this package

Help options:
  -?, --help                     Show this help message
      --usage                    Display brief usage message
[root@oe-20-03-LTS ~]#

rpm宏查看 rpmbuild --showrc

[root@oe-20-03-LTS ~]# rpmbuild --showrc
ARCHITECTURE AND OS:
build arch            : aarch64
compatible build archs: aarch64 noarch
build os              : Linux
compatible build os's : Linux
install arch          : aarch64
install os            : Linux
compatible archs      : aarch64 aarch64_ilp32 noarch
compatible os's       : Linux

RPMRC VALUES:
archcolor             : 2
optflags              : -O2 -g

Features supported by rpmlib:
    rpmlib(BuiltinLuaScripts) = 4.2.2-1
    rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) = 3.0.4-1
    rpmlib(ConcurrentAccess) = 4.1-1
    rpmlib(ExplicitPackageProvide) = 4.0-1
    rpmlib(FileCaps) = 4.6.1-1
    rpmlib(FileDigests) = 4.6.0-1
    rpmlib(HeaderLoadSortsTags) = 4.0.1-1
    rpmlib(LargeFiles) = 4.12.0-1
    rpmlib(PartialHardlinkSets) = 4.0.4-1
    rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix) = 4.0-1
    rpmlib(PayloadIsBzip2) = 3.0.5-1
    rpmlib(PayloadIsLzma) = 4.4.2-1
    rpmlib(PayloadIsXz) = 5.2-1
    rpmlib(PayloadIsZstd) = 5.4.18-1
    rpmlib(RichDependencies) = 4.12.0-1
    rpmlib(ScriptletExpansion) = 4.9.0-1
    rpmlib(ScriptletInterpreterArgs) = 4.0.3-1
    rpmlib(TildeInVersions) = 4.10.0-1
    rpmlib(VersionedDependencies) = 3.0.3-1

Macro path: /usr/lib/rpm/macros:/usr/lib/rpm/macros.d/macros.*:/usr/lib/rpm/platform/%{_target}/macros:/usr/l                                                           ib/rpm/fileattrs/*.attr:/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/macros:/etc/rpm/macros.*:/etc/rpm/macros:/etc/rpm/%{_target}/macr                                                           os:~/.rpmmacros

========================
-13: __7zip     /usr/bin/7za
-13: ___build_args      -e
-13: ___build_cmd       %{?_sudo:%{_sudo} }%{?_remsh:%{_remsh} %{_remhost} }%{?_remsudo:%{_remsudo} }%{?_remc                                                           hroot:%{_remchroot} %{_remroot} }%{___build_shell} %{___build_args}
-13: ___build_post      exit $?
-13: ___build_pre
  RPM_SOURCE_DIR="%{u2p:%{_sourcedir}}"
  RPM_BUILD_DIR="%{u2p:%{_builddir}}"
  RPM_OPT_FLAGS="%{optflags}"
  RPM_LD_FLAGS="%{?__global_ldflags}"
  RPM_ARCH="%{_arch}"
  RPM_OS="%{_os}"
  export RPM_SOURCE_DIR RPM_BUILD_DIR RPM_OPT_FLAGS RPM_LD_FLAGS RPM_ARCH RPM_OS
  RPM_DOC_DIR="%{_docdir}"
  export RPM_DOC_DIR
  RPM_PACKAGE_NAME="%{NAME}"
  RPM_PACKAGE_VERSION="%{VERSION}"
  RPM_PACKAGE_RELEASE="%{RELEASE}"
  export RPM_PACKAGE_NAME RPM_PACKAGE_VERSION RPM_PACKAGE_RELEASE
  LANG=C
  export LANG
  unset CDPATH DISPLAY ||:
  %{?buildroot:RPM_BUILD_ROOT="%{u2p:%{buildroot}}"
  export RPM_BUILD_ROOT}
  %{?_javaclasspath:CLASSPATH="%{_javaclasspath}"
  export CLASSPATH}
  PKG_CONFIG_PATH="${PKG_CONFIG_PATH}:%{_libdir}/pkgconfig:%{_datadir}/pkgconfig"
  export PKG_CONFIG_PATH
  CONFIG_SITE=${CONFIG_SITE:-NONE}
  export CONFIG_SITE

  %{verbose:set -x}%{!verbose:exec > /dev/null}
  umask 022
  cd "%{u2p:%{_builddir}}"
-13: ___build_shell     %{?_buildshell:%{_buildshell}}%{!?_buildshell:/bin/sh}
-13: ___build_template  #!%{___build_shell}
%{___build_pre}
%{nil}
-13: __aclocal  aclocal
-13: __ar       ar
-13: __arch_install_post        %{nil}
-13: __as       as
-13: __autoconf autoconf
-13: __autoheader       autoheader
-13: __automake automake
-13: __awk      gawk
-13: __brp_boot_efi_times       /usr/lib/rpm/brp-boot-efi-times
-13: __brp_compress     %{_rpmconfigdir}/brp-compress
-13: __brp_java_gcjcompile      %{_rpmconfigdir}/brp-java-bytecompile
-13: __brp_python_bytecompile   %{_rpmconfigdir}/brp-python-bytecompile "" "%{?_python_bytecompile_errors_ter                                                           minate_build}" "%{?_python_bytecompile_extra}"
-13: __brp_strip        %{_rpmconfigdir}/brp-strip %{__strip}
-13: __brp_strip_comment_note   %{_rpmconfigdir}/brp-strip-comment-note %{__strip} %{__objdump}
-13: __brp_strip_shared %{_rpmconfigdir}/brp-strip-shared
-13: __brp_strip_static_archive %{_rpmconfigdir}/brp-strip-static-archive %{__strip}
-13: __bzip2    /usr/bin/bzip2
-13: __bzr      /usr/bin/bzr
-13: __cat      /usr/bin/cat
-13: __cc       gcc
-13: __check_files      %{_rpmconfigdir}/check-files %{buildroot}
-13: __chgrp    /usr/bin/chgrp
-13: __chmod    /usr/bin/chmod
-13: __chown    /usr/bin/chown
-13: __cmake    /usr/bin/cmake
-13: __cmake_path       ^(%{_libdir}|%{_datadir})/cmake/.*/.*(Config.cmake|-config.cmake)$
-13: __cmake_provides   %{_rpmconfigdir}/cmake.prov
-13: __cmake_requires   %{_rpmconfigdir}/cmake.req
-13: __cp       /usr/bin/cp
-13: __cpio     /usr/bin/cpio
-13: __cpp      gcc -E
-13: __cxx      g++

vi .rpmmacros

%{_top_dir} /…

mkdir -pv rpmbuild/{BUILD,BUILDROOT,RPMS,SOURCES,SPECS,SRPMS}

rpmbuild --showrc | grep _topdir

Place the sources in the right directory
Create a spec file that tells the rpmbuild command what to do

.spec格式文件

rpm -qi httpd

rrdtool

introduction section
- Summary:
- Name: 名字
- Version: 版本2.4.2，不能使用横线
- Release: 1%{?dist} 宏，制作者，rpm发型号
- License: GPLv2，版权信息，正确版权信息
- Group: 属于哪个组，事先定义好的，/usr/share/doc/rpm-4.4.2.3/GROUPS
- URL: 制作者，从哪可以下载到，获取到，源码包下载路径
- Packager: 制作者，制作者邮件地址
- Vendor: 提供者，公司，开发者
- Source: 下载链接找到这个软件包，绝对不是去下载
- BuildRoot:
  - SOURCES目录源码包
  - .spec写好文件
  - BUILD目录
  - BUILDROOT目录当做根来用，编译好的程序安装到这个目录
    
    %{_tmppath}/%{name}-%{version}-%{release}-root
- BuildRequires: 制作过程依赖哪些软件包
  
  用于定义依赖关系的，制作过程依赖哪些软件安装包的
- %description: 描述信息
  
  多个自然段空行隔开
prep section 准备阶段（不可少）
- %prep
- %setup自己解压缩
build section
- %build
- %{__make} %{?__smp_mflags}
install section 安装阶段（不可少）
- %install
  
  %{__rm} -rf %{buildroot}
  
  %{__make} install DESTDIR="%{buildroot}"
  
  %find_lang %{name}
clean section
- %clean
- %{__rm} -rf %{buildroot}
脚本段：

httpd

%pre

%post

%preun

%postun

files section 文件段（files段列出的文件必须要一一对应BUILDROOT目录下的每一个文件，不能多也不能少）
```
%files -f %{name}.lang
%defattr(-, root, root, 0755)
%doc API CHANGES COPYING CREDITS README axelrc.example
%doc %{_mandir}/main/axel.l*
%doc %{_mandir}/*/main/axel.l*
%config %{_sysconfdir}/axelrc
/usr/local/bin/axel
%attr(0755, root, root) /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
```
change log section 日志段，修改日志，改变日志段
```
%changelog
* Wed Apr 11 2012 xxx.com <1@admin.com> - 1.0.14-1
- 注释 Initial version
```
Build the source and binary RPMs

rpmbuild command

-bp 执行到 %prep

-bi 执行到 %install

-bc 执行到 %build

-bb 执行到制作二进制格式的rpm包

-bs 执行到制作源码格式的rpm包

-ba 执行到 all，二进制格式的、源码格式的都制作

-bl 执行到制作完成后，检测哪些文件在BUILDROOT目录下存在安装生成，但是却在制作rpm过程中在files段中没有给它包含到rpm包中，会帮忙检查报错，安装了却没包含rpm包会报错，包含进rpm包却没安装生成也会报错，双方必须要一一对应。

Testing the RPMs

rpmbuild -bp nginx.spec
如果报缺少依赖关系，yum给它装上

执行build阶段
rpmbuild -bc nginx.spec

执行install安装阶段
rpmbuild -bi nginx.spec
安装报错，没有文件，自己建立没有文件

制作所有包
执行build all安装阶段
rpmbuild -ba nginx.spec
到RPMS目录

每一个RPM包都有一种capability能力

自身名字、提供的文件

编译依赖、安装依赖

如果有src.rpm包，直接 rpmbuild --rebuild 去制作，不用root用户

展开src.rpm包

rpm2cpio nginx-1.0.14-3.src.rpm | cpio -id

寻找rpm包的两个常用站点

rpmfind.net

rpmpone.com

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ai4y1N7gp?p=2

系统运维最新文章

配置小型公司网络WLAN基本业务（AC通过三层