编译ARM64仿真器QEMU
下载qemu源码
$ wget https://download.qemu.org/qemu-6.0.0.tar.xz
解压tar包
$ tar xvf qemu-6.0.0.tar.xz
配置qemu
$ cd qemu-6.0.0.tar.xz
$ ./configure --prefix=~/opt/qemu --target-list="arm-softmmu aarch64-softmmu i386-softmmu x86_64-softmmu arm-linux-user aarch64-linux-user i386-linux-user x86_64-linux-user riscv64-softmmu" --enable-sdl --enable-debug
编译qemu
$ make -j8
安装qemu
$ make install
编译Linux内核
下载Linux kernel源码
$ wget https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.13.8.tar.xz
解压Linux kernel源码tar包
$ tar xvf linux-5.13.8.tar.xz
配置Linux kernel
$ make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-none-linux-gnu- defconfig
编译Linux kernel
$ make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-none-linux-gnu- Image -j8
制作根文件系统
基于busybox制作根文件系统
下载busybox源码
$ wget https://busybox.net/downloads/busybox-1.33.1.tar.bz2
解压busybox源码tar包
$ tar jxvf busybox-1.33.1.tar.bz2
配置busybox
$ make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-none-linux-gnu- menuconfig
其中如下配置项要选上
编译busybox源码
$ make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-none-linux-gnu-
安装busybox
$ make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-none-linux-gnu- install
执行如下脚本内容，制作基于编译的busybox的根文件系统
rm -rfv rootfs
mkdir rootfs
#mkdir -p rootfs/lib
#copy dynamic library for rootfs, because we compile the busybox dynamically
#cp -pvf /usr/aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/* rootfs/lib
#cp -rpvf /opt/arm64/toolchain/gcc-linaro-7.5.0-2019.12-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/* rootfs/lib
cp -rfv busybox-1.33.1/_install/* rootfs/
cd rootfs
mkdir dev etc proc
cd dev
#create the communication console
sudo mknod console c 5 1
sudo mknod null c 1 3
sudo mknod tty1 c 4 1
sudo mknod tty2 c 4 2
sudo mknod tty3 c 4 3
sudo mknod tty4 c 4 4
cd ../etc
echo "::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS" > inittab
echo "::respawn:-/bin/sh" >> inittab
echo "::askfirst:-/bin/sh" >> inittab
echo "::ctrlaltdel:/bin/umount -a -r " >> inittab
mkdir init.d
cd init.d
echo "#!/bin/sh" > rcS
echo "mount -t proc proc /proc" >> rcS
chmod +x ./rcS
cd ../..
#find . | cpio -o -H newc > rootfs.cpio
#gzip -c rootfs.cpio > ../rootfs.cpio.gz
find . | cpio -o -H newc | gzip -c > ../rootfs.cpio.gz
基于QEMU运行Linux kernel
执行如下命令运行Linux kernel
qemu-system-aarch64 \
-machine virt,virtualization=true,gic-version=3 \
-nographic \
-m size=1024M \
-cpu cortex-a72 \
-smp 4 \
-kernel linux-5.13.8/arch/arm64/boot/Image \
-initrd busybox-1.33.1/rootfs.cpio.gz \
--append "console=ttyAMA0 rdinit=/linuxrc"
执行结果如下
[ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0000000000 [0x410fd083]
[ 0.000000] Linux version 5.13.8 (wxer@wxer-PC) (aarch64-none-linux-gnu-gcc (GNU Toolchain for the A-profile Architecture 10.2-2020.11 (arm-10.16)) 10.2.1 20201103, GNU ld (GNU Toolchain for the A-profile Architecture 10.2-2020.11 (arm-10.16)) 2.35.1.20201028) #1 SMP PREEMPT Sat Aug 7 19:05:03 CST 2021
[ 0.000000] Machine model: linux,dummy-virt
[ 0.000000] efi: UEFI not found.
[ 0.000000] NUMA: No NUMA configuration found
[ 0.000000] NUMA: Faking a node at [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x000000007fffffff]
[ 0.000000] NUMA: NODE_DATA [mem 0x7fdf4c00-0x7fdf6fff]
[ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
[ 0.000000] DMA [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x000000007fffffff]
[ 0.000000] DMA32 empty
[ 0.000000] Normal empty
[ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x000000007fffffff]
[ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x000000007fffffff]
[ 0.000000] cma: Reserved 32 MiB at 0x000000007cc00000
[ 0.000000] psci: probing for conduit method from DT.
[ 0.000000] psci: PSCIv0.2 detected in firmware.
[ 0.000000] psci: Using standard PSCI v0.2 function IDs
[ 0.000000] psci: Trusted OS migration not required
[ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded 23 pages/cpu s56920 r8192 d29096 u94208
[ 0.000000] Detected PIPT I-cache on CPU0
[ 0.000000] CPU features: detected: GIC system register CPU interface
[ 0.000000] CPU features: detected: Spectre-v2
[ 0.000000] CPU features: detected: Spectre-v3a
[ 0.000000] CPU features: detected: Spectre-v4
[ 0.000000] CPU features: kernel page table isolation forced ON by KASLR
[ 0.000000] CPU features: detected: Kernel page table isolation (KPTI)
[ 0.000000] CPU features: detected: ARM errata 1165522, 1319367, or 1530923
[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 258048
[ 0.000000] Policy zone: DMA
[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: console=ttyAMA0 rdinit=/linuxrc
[ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes, linear)
[ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 524288 bytes, linear)
[ 0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
[ 0.000000] Memory: 960556K/1048576K available (15040K kernel code, 3038K rwdata, 7972K rodata, 6080K init, 500K bss, 55252K reserved, 32768K cma-reserved)
[ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=4, Nodes=1
[ 0.000000] rcu: Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation.
[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU event tracing is enabled.
[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=256 to nr_cpu_ids=4.
[ 0.000000] Trampoline variant of Tasks RCU enabled.
[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 25 jiffies.
[ 0.000000] rcu: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=4
[ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 64, nr_irqs: 64, preallocated irqs: 0
[ 0.000000] GICv3: GIC: Using split EOI/Deactivate mode
[ 0.000000] GICv3: 224 SPIs implemented
[ 0.000000] GICv3: 0 Extended SPIs implemented
[ 0.000000] GICv3: Distributor has no Range Selector support
[ 0.000000] Root IRQ handler: gic_handle_irq
[ 0.000000] GICv3: 16 PPIs implemented
[ 0.000000] GICv3: CPU0: found redistributor 0 region 0:0x00000000080a0000
[ 0.000000] random: get_random_bytes called from start_kernel+0x33c/0x528 with crng_init=0
[ 0.000000] arch_timer: cp15 timer(s) running at 62.50MHz (phys).
[ 0.000000] clocksource: arch_sys_counter: mask: 0xffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x1cd42e208c, max_idle_ns: 881590405314 ns
[ 0.000450] sched_clock: 56 bits at 62MHz, resolution 16ns, wraps every 4398046511096ns
[ 0.040101] Console: colour dummy device 80x25
[ 0.056038] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 125.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=250000)
[ 0.056766] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[ 0.064225] LSM: Security Framework initializing
[ 0.070758] Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 0.071044] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 0.282766] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
[ 0.327626] EFI services will not be available.
[ 0.334913] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
[ 0.351930] Detected PIPT I-cache on CPU1
[ 0.355194] GICv3: CPU1: found redistributor 1 region 0:0x00000000080c0000
[ 0.356265] CPU1: Booted secondary processor 0x0000000001 [0x410fd083]
[ 0.379016] Detected PIPT I-cache on CPU2
[ 0.379426] GICv3: CPU2: found redistributor 2 region 0:0x00000000080e0000
[ 0.379955] CPU2: Booted secondary processor 0x0000000002 [0x410fd083]
[ 0.390380] Detected PIPT I-cache on CPU3
[ 0.390798] GICv3: CPU3: found redistributor 3 region 0:0x0000000008100000
[ 0.391325] CPU3: Booted secondary processor 0x0000000003 [0x410fd083]
[ 0.394859] smp: Brought up 1 node, 4 CPUs
[ 0.395376] SMP: Total of 4 processors activated.
[ 0.395649] CPU features: detected: 32-bit EL0 Support
[ 0.395761] CPU features: detected: 32-bit EL1 Support
[ 0.396216] CPU features: detected: CRC32 instructions
[ 0.683570] CPU: All CPU(s) started at EL2
[ 0.686043] alternatives: patching kernel code
[ 0.777761] devtmpfs: initialized
[ 0.852671] KASLR enabled
[ 0.860514] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 7645041785100000 ns
[ 0.861342] futex hash table entries: 1024 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
[ 0.891588] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
[ 0.961147] DMI not present or invalid.
[ 1.011108] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[ 1.090254] DMA: preallocated 128 KiB GFP_KERNEL pool for atomic allocations
[ 1.094684] DMA: preallocated 128 KiB GFP_KERNEL|GFP_DMA pool for atomic allocations
[ 1.097778] DMA: preallocated 128 KiB GFP_KERNEL|GFP_DMA32 pool for atomic allocations
[ 1.099477] audit: initializing netlink subsys (disabled)
[ 1.110092] audit: type=2000 audit(1.000:1): state=initialized audit_enabled=0 res=1
[ 1.144168] thermal_sys: Registered thermal governor 'step_wise'
[ 1.144487] thermal_sys: Registered thermal governor 'power_allocator'
[ 1.149150] cpuidle: using governor menu
[ 1.155518] hw-breakpoint: found 6 breakpoint and 4 watchpoint registers.
[ 1.159551] ASID allocator initialised with 32768 entries
[ 1.199593] Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver
[ 1.557598] 9000000.pl011: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x9000000 (irq = 48, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
[ 1.603511] printk: console [ttyAMA0] enabled
[ 1.881030] HugeTLB registered 1.00 GiB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages
[ 1.881755] HugeTLB registered 32.0 MiB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages
[ 1.882482] HugeTLB registered 2.00 MiB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages
[ 1.883002] HugeTLB registered 64.0 KiB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages
[ 1.941526] cryptd: max_cpu_qlen set to 1000
[ 2.010906] ACPI: Interpreter disabled.
[ 2.059036] iommu: Default domain type: Translated
[ 2.065907] vgaarb: loaded
[ 2.076064] SCSI subsystem initialized
[ 2.090593] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[ 2.093097] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[ 2.094479] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[ 2.114261] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered
[ 2.114812] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
[ 2.115926] PTP clock support registered
[ 2.120032] EDAC MC: Ver: 3.0.0
[ 2.158848] FPGA manager framework
[ 2.164359] Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.
[ 2.236227] clocksource: Switched to clocksource arch_sys_counter
[ 2.252339] VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.6.0
[ 2.253868] VFS: Dquot-cache hash table entries: 512 (order 0, 4096 bytes)
[ 2.264071] pnp: PnP ACPI: disabled
[ 2.412967] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[ 2.420270] IP idents hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear)
[ 2.449357] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 512 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
[ 2.450495] TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
[ 2.452174] TCP bind hash table entries: 8192 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear)
[ 2.453413] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192)
[ 2.463177] UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 2.464775] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 2.476331] NET: Registered protocol family 1
[ 2.494090] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
[ 2.495148] RPC: Registered udp transport module.
[ 2.495635] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
[ 2.496014] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
[ 2.496994] PCI: CLS 0 bytes, default 64
[ 2.522399] Unpacking initramfs...
[ 2.528429] hw perfevents: enabled with armv8_pmuv3 PMU driver, 5 counters available
[ 2.533230] kvm [1]: IPA Size Limit: 44 bits
[ 2.576787] kvm [1]: GICv3: no GICV resource entry
[ 2.578298] kvm [1]: disabling GICv2 emulation
[ 2.579854] kvm [1]: GIC system register CPU interface enabled
[ 2.583364] kvm [1]: vgic interrupt IRQ9
[ 2.628611] kvm [1]: Hyp mode initialized successfully
[ 2.723999] Initialise system trusted keyrings
[ 2.737268] workingset: timestamp_bits=42 max_order=18 bucket_order=0
[ 2.879685] squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
[ 2.898165] NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type
[ 2.900842] Key type id_resolver registered
[ 2.901427] Key type id_legacy registered
[ 2.905210] nfs4filelayout_init: NFSv4 File Layout Driver Registering...
[ 2.906105] nfs4flexfilelayout_init: NFSv4 Flexfile Layout Driver Registering...
[ 2.911816] 9p: Installing v9fs 9p2000 file system support
[ 2.967171] Freeing initrd memory: 1080K
[ 2.972997] Key type asymmetric registered
[ 2.973858] Asymmetric key parser 'x509' registered
[ 2.975877] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 245)
[ 2.976966] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
[ 2.977710] io scheduler kyber registered
[ 3.167082] pl061_gpio 9030000.pl061: PL061 GPIO chip registered
[ 3.213453] pci-host-generic 4010000000.pcie: host bridge /pcie@10000000 ranges:
[ 3.219095] pci-host-generic 4010000000.pcie: IO 0x003eff0000..0x003effffff -> 0x0000000000
[ 3.222607] pci-host-generic 4010000000.pcie: MEM 0x0010000000..0x003efeffff -> 0x0010000000
[ 3.223755] pci-host-generic 4010000000.pcie: MEM 0x8000000000..0xffffffffff -> 0x8000000000
[ 3.227547] pci-host-generic 4010000000.pcie: Memory resource size exceeds max for 32 bits
[ 3.231149] pci-host-generic 4010000000.pcie: ECAM at [mem 0x4010000000-0x401fffffff] for [bus 00-ff]
[ 3.240557] pci-host-generic 4010000000.pcie: PCI host bridge to bus 0000:00
[ 3.242029] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [bus 00-ff]
[ 3.243096] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [io 0x0000-0xffff]
[ 3.243908] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x10000000-0x3efeffff]
[ 3.244507] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x8000000000-0xffffffffff]
[ 3.253104] pci 0000:00:00.0: [1b36:0008] type 00 class 0x060000
[ 3.277592] pci 0000:00:01.0: [1af4:1000] type 00 class 0x020000
[ 3.279678] pci 0000:00:01.0: reg 0x10: [io 0x0000-0x001f]
[ 3.280721] pci 0000:00:01.0: reg 0x20: [mem 0x00000000-0x00003fff 64bit pref]
[ 3.281809] pci 0000:00:01.0: reg 0x30: [mem 0x00000000-0x0003ffff pref]
[ 3.304458] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 6: assigned [mem 0x10000000-0x1003ffff pref]
[ 3.306907] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 4: assigned [mem 0x8000000000-0x8000003fff 64bit pref]
[ 3.308308] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 0: assigned [io 0x1000-0x101f]
[ 3.352299] EINJ: ACPI disabled.
[ 3.615108] virtio-pci 0000:00:01.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0003)
[ 3.744242] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
[ 3.795459] SuperH (H)SCI(F) driver initialized
[ 3.808420] msm_serial: driver initialized
[ 3.842400] cacheinfo: Unable to detect cache hierarchy for CPU 0
[ 4.033600] loop: module loaded
[ 4.061159] megasas: 07.714.04.00-rc1
[ 4.118496] physmap-flash 0.flash: physmap platform flash device: [mem 0x00000000-0x03ffffff]
[ 4.127325] 0.flash: Found 2 x16 devices at 0x0 in 32-bit bank. Manufacturer ID 0x000000 Chip ID 0x000000
[ 4.130464] Intel/Sharp Extended Query Table at 0x0031
[ 4.133759] Using buffer write method
[ 4.137647] physmap-flash 0.flash: physmap platform flash device: [mem 0x04000000-0x07ffffff]
[ 4.140287] 0.flash: Found 2 x16 devices at 0x0 in 32-bit bank. Manufacturer ID 0x000000 Chip ID 0x000000
[ 4.141206] Intel/Sharp Extended Query Table at 0x0031
[ 4.143360] Using buffer write method
[ 4.144379] Concatenating MTD devices:
[ 4.144799] (0): "0.flash"
[ 4.145109] (1): "0.flash"
[ 4.145409] into device "0.flash"
[ 4.591976] libphy: Fixed MDIO Bus: probed
[ 4.623425] tun: Universal TUN/TAP device driver, 1.6
[ 4.690063] thunder_xcv, ver 1.0
[ 4.691648] thunder_bgx, ver 1.0
[ 4.692721] nicpf, ver 1.0
[ 4.735190] hclge is initializing
[ 4.736705] hns3: Hisilicon Ethernet Network Driver for Hip08 Family - version
[ 4.737319] hns3: Copyright (c) 2017 Huawei Corporation.
[ 4.740213] e1000: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver
[ 4.740713] e1000: Copyright (c) 1999-2006 Intel Corporation.
[ 4.742254] e1000e: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver
[ 4.743079] e1000e: Copyright(c) 1999 - 2015 Intel Corporation.
[ 4.744535] igb: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Driver
[ 4.745018] igb: Copyright (c) 2007-2014 Intel Corporation.
[ 4.746247] igbvf: Intel(R) Gigabit Virtual Function Network Driver
[ 4.747065] igbvf: Copyright (c) 2009 - 2012 Intel Corporation.
[ 4.756605] sky2: driver version 1.30
[ 4.783907] VFIO - User Level meta-driver version: 0.3
[ 4.832060] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
[ 4.833267] ehci-pci: EHCI PCI platform driver
[ 4.835212] ehci-platform: EHCI generic platform driver
[ 4.838338] ehci-orion: EHCI orion driver
[ 4.841160] ehci-exynos: EHCI Exynos driver
[ 4.844136] ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
[ 4.845485] ohci-pci: OHCI PCI platform driver
[ 4.847509] ohci-platform: OHCI generic platform driver
[ 4.850525] ohci-exynos: OHCI Exynos driver
[ 4.867311] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[ 4.949074] rtc-pl031 9010000.pl031: registered as rtc0
[ 4.953123] rtc-pl031 9010000.pl031: setting system clock to 2021-08-07T12:16:59 UTC (1628338619)
[ 4.976246] i2c /dev entries driver
[ 5.117690] sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver
[ 5.118287] sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman
[ 5.131369] Synopsys Designware Multimedia Card Interface Driver
[ 5.156285] sdhci-pltfm: SDHCI platform and OF driver helper
[ 5.197590] ledtrig-cpu: registered to indicate activity on CPUs
[ 5.232996] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[ 5.233637] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[ 5.360546] NET: Registered protocol family 17
[ 5.369138] 9pnet: Installing 9P2000 support
[ 5.371499] Key type dns_resolver registered
[ 5.377380] registered taskstats version 1
[ 5.378045] Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates
[ 5.436756] input: gpio-keys as /devices/platform/gpio-keys/input/input0
[ 5.466318] ALSA device list:
[ 5.467529] No soundcards found.
[ 5.488315] uart-pl011 9000000.pl011: no DMA platform data
[ 5.636826] Freeing unused kernel memory: 6080K
[ 5.642169] Run /linuxrc as init process
Please press Enter to activate this console.
/ # ls -al
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 9 1000 1000 220 Aug 7 12:17 .
drwxrwxr-x 9 1000 1000 220 Aug 7 12:17 ..
-rw------- 1 0 0 7 Aug 7 12:17 .ash_history
drwxrwxr-x 2 1000 1000 1920 Aug 7 11:43 bin
drwxrwxr-x 2 1000 1000 160 Aug 7 11:43 dev
drwxrwxr-x 3 1000 1000 80 Aug 7 11:43 etc
lrwxrwxrwx 1 1000 1000 11 Aug 7 11:43 linuxrc -> bin/busybox
dr-xr-xr-x 116 0 0 0 Aug 7 12:17 proc
drwx------ 2 0 0 40 Aug 7 11:05 root
drwxrwxr-x 2 1000 1000 1480 Aug 7 11:43 sbin
drwxrwxr-x 4 1000 1000 80 Aug 7 11:43 usr
/ #