CentOS-8x+Linux-8中源码编译安装Nginx-1.20*详解版
=目录索引=
01）系统 &环境
运行环境：实验室虚拟环境
系统型号：CtenOS-8.4-x86_64
Linux版本：linux-8-x86_64
CPU&内存：4H + 4GB
系统内核：4.18.0-305.3.1.el8.x86_64
=主题内容=
02）安装前准备
- 1 更新
CentOS-8软件包 ：
dnf update
- 2 关闭系统防火墙：
systemctl stop firewalld
- 3 关闭防火墙开机自启动：
systemctl disable firewalld
- 4 关闭
SELINUX：
sed -ri '/^SELINUX=/c\SELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
03）编译器 &【dev】库安装
- 1 安装
make&wget：
yum -y install gcc automake autoconf libtool make wget
- 2 安装
gcc编译器：- 系统内置
gcc版本查询：
- 系统内置
gcc --version
gcc (GCC) 10.2.1 20201112 (Red Hat 10.2.1-8) //版本够高够新，不用升级....
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++
- 2 安装
OpenSSL开发库：ssl模块，服务器使用SSL安全证书需要，【–http_ssl_module】用于开启https安全加密功能，依赖OpenSSL开发库 ：
yum -y install openssl openssl-devel
- 3 安装
PCRE正则式表达库：nginx必装模块【–http_rewrite_module】，基于正则匹配来实现重定向，依赖PCRE库 ：
yum -y install pcre pcre-devel
- 4 安装
zlib压缩库：nginx必装模块【–http_gzip_module】，用于针对HTTP包中内容进行gzip格式的压缩，依赖zlib压缩库：
yum -y install zlib zlib-devel
04）编译安装【Nginx】
- 1 创建
nginxs用户 & 用户属组：
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M nginx
- 2 官网下载
nginx最新稳定版：
mkdir lanmpp
cd /root/lanmpp
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz
- 3 解压 & 删除
nginx压缩包：
tar -xvf nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz
rm -rf nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz
- 4 预编译 & 配置
nginx源码，使之生成可执行的二进制文件：
cd nginx-1.20.1/
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx \
--conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf \
--error-log-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log \
--http-log-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log \
--pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid \
--lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock \
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp \
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp \
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp \
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp \
--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-pcre \
--with-file-aio \
--with-threads \
--with-mail \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-mail_ssl_module \
--with-http_addition_module \
--with-http_auth_request_module \
--with-http_dav_module \
--with-http_flv_module \
--with-http_gunzip_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_mp4_module \
--with-http_random_index_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_secure_link_module \
--with-http_slice_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_sub_module \
--with-http_v2_module \
--with-stream \
--with-stream_realip_module \
--with-stream_ssl_module \
--with-stream_ssl_preread_module \
--without-mail_pop3_module \
--without-mail_imap_module \
--without-mail_smtp_module
- 打印出现如下结果，则证明预编译 & 生成
makefile二进制可执行文件成功…
Configuration summary
+ using threads
+ using system PCRE library
+ using system OpenSSL library
+ using system zlib library
nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"
nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx/modules"
nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"
nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf"
nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"
nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"
nginx http client request body temporary files: "/var/cache/nginx/client_temp"
nginx http proxy temporary files: "/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp"
nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp"
nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp"
nginx http scgi temporary files: "/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp"
- 5 开始编译 & 安装
nginx：
make && make install
//nginx短小精悍，就不用加速编译了...
05）配置【Nginx】
- 1 将
nginx添加至系统环境变量中：
echo export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin >>/etc/profile
//让设置生效
source /etc/profile
- 或者创建
nginx的映射连接：
ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx
- 2 查看
nginx安装结果 & 版本号：
nginx -v
//打印结果...
nginx version: nginx/1.20.1
- 查看nginx的配置编译参数
nginx -V
//打印结果...
nginx version: nginx/1.20.1
built by gcc 10.2.1 20201112 (Red Hat 10.2.1-8) (GCC) //将(GCC)编译器的版本也给同时查印出来...
built with OpenSSL 1.1.1k FIPS 25 Mar 2021
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: //打印的是预编译的配置内容...省略...
- 3 修改
nginx运行端口：
- 由于在服务器中，要让
apache和nginx同时运行，且【80】端口已经分配给了apache，这里将nginx修改为【8088】：
vim /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf
//原件内容如下...
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
//修改内容如下...
listen 8088;
server_name mhy.com;
- 4 安装
iptables防火墙：
yum install iptables-services
- 编辑防火墙配置文件，开启 & 放行【8088】端口：
vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables
//将如下字段添加到相应的端口位置中...
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8088 -j ACCEPT
//:wq 保存退出。
- 重启【iptables】生效配置：
systemctl restart iptables.service //重启【iptables】生效配置
systemctl enable iptables.service //设置【iptables】开机自启动
/usr/libexec/iptables/iptables.init restart //重置【iptables】
- 5 查看 & 确认是否开启【8088】监听端口：
netstat -tnl
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:4330 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8088 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:44321 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::33060 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:4330 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:44321 :::* LISTEN
- OK！【8088】端口开启成功！
06）启动【Nginx】
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
- 启动
Nginx报错…
nginx: [emerg] mkdir() "/var/cache/nginx/client_temp" failed (2: No such file or directory)
- 解决方案如下：
mkdir -p /var/cache/nginx/client_temp
- 再次启动
Nginx，成功！
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
- 查看
Nginx运行进程…
ps aux | grep nginx
========================================================================================================
root 9253 0.0 0.0 42604 860 ? Ss 02:14 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx 9254 0.0 0.1 77336 5012 ? S 02:14 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 11840 0.0 0.0 12352 1132 pts/0 S+ 02:58 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
07）【Nginx】启动 & 停止和重启服务
- 1 启动代码&路径格式：
nginx安装目录路径+-c nginx配置文件nginx.conf的路径，示例如下：
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
//常规启动nginx服务...
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
- 2 停止
nginx服务：
//常规停止nginx服务...
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
//优雅的停止nginx服务...
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit
- 1、从容停止：
- 查看
nginx的master process主进程号… - 注：
worker process为工作进程…
- 查看
ps -ef|grep nginx
root 9253 1 0 02:14 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx 12594 9253 0 03:19 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 12761 8788 0 03:23 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
//master process主进程号则为：9235
- 干掉主进程号…
kill -QUIT 9235
- 2、快速停止：
- 查看进程号【方法同 （1、）】…
- 干掉主进程号…
kill -TERM 9235
//或者
kill -INT 9235
- 3、强行停止：
pkill -9 nginx
- 3 重启
Nginx服务：
- 首先验证
nginx配置文件nginx.conf是否正确…
===方法-1===
//任何目录下...
nginx -t
===方法-2===
cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
./nginx -t
===方法-3===//注意：该方法，配置文件的绝对路径要正确...
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf
=================================打印信息==================================
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
=================================简明释文==================================
Nginx:配置文件/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf //语法没问题
Nginx:配置文件/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful //测试成功
- 1、 进入
nginx可执行sbin目录下，输入如下命令…
cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
./nginx -s reload
- 2、重新加载配置文件 & 平滑重启
nginx：
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
- 3、查找当前
nginx进程号，输入如下命令…，也可实现重启nginx服务：
kill -HUP 9235
//注：9235为前nginx的主进程号...
08）设置【Nginx】开机自动启动
- 1 创建 & 配置
nginx开机自启动脚本文件：
vim /etc/init.d/nginx
- 输入内容如下…
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
if [ -z "`grep $user /etc/passwd`" ]; then
useradd -M -s /bin/nologin $user
fi
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
for opt in $options; do
if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
# echo "creating" $value
mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
fi
fi
done
}
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
- 赋予
nginx脚本可执行权限：
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/nginx
- 2 将
nginx服务加入chkconfig系统管理序列中…
chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/nginx
chkconfig nginx on
chkconfig --list nginx
- 3 执行启动
nginx服务脚本：
systemctl start nginx
- 4 终端命令行测试：
curl localhost:8088
- 打印输出如下结果…
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
09）【Nginx】 重定向常用启停命令
- 启动
nginx服务：
systemctl start nginx
- 查看
nginx服务状态：
systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - SYSV: NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse proxy and IMAP>
Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx; generated)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2021-08-08 04:50:18 CST; 19min ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Process: 17347 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx start (code=exited, status=0/SUC>
Main PID: 9253 (nginx)
Tasks: 0 (limit: 23376)
Memory: 276.0K
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
? 9253 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
//省略启动日志......
- 停止
nginx服务：
systemctl stop nginx
- 重新加载服务配置：
nginx -s reload
- 验证 & 测试配置是否正确：
nginx -t
10）【Nginx】 配置优化
- 以下配置在
nginx.conf中与http属同级节点…
vim /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx nginx;
worker_processes auto;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 51200;
multi_accept on;
}
- 说明：同级
http节点下，加入以下配置，将会从指定目录加载nginx.conf配置文件…
include /etc/nginx/*.conf;
11）浏览器访问 & 测试【Nginx】安装结果
- 说明：本地服务器
IP已绑定虚拟域名…
- 至此！VM虚拟机【CentOS-8x+Linux-8】中，源码编译安装【Nginx-1.20*】完美成功！
- 内容相当全面，有点难度，耗时也很长，发文辛苦！如果对你有帮助，就请点个赞！留下你的高见呗…
- 更多【IT & 编程】知识内容，请关注本人【sngee】的博客…欢迎大家交流 & 点评！！！
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