linux上安装Docker(非常简单的安装方法)
前言
很多同学一看到docker,就说,这个我知道,不就是DOTA 2 游戏吗?这个我天天玩,
大哥,麻烦你看清楚好不好,别宝里宝气的,好不咯,哈哈哈哈
Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎，让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的镜像中，然后发布到任何流行的 Linux或Windows 机器上，也可以实现虚拟化。容器是完全使用沙箱机制，相互之间不会有任何接口。
提示：以下是本篇文章正文内容，下面案例可供参考
一、虚拟化技术
二.云计算
1.云的分类:
2.IasS和PaaS
三.实验操作:
环境准备:
准备一台全新的centos8的系统
或者Ubuntu 20 server的系统
1.到底使用那个系统？
centos --》有结束日期
centos linux8 --》2021-12-31
centos linux7 --》2024-6-30
centos 是开源的，并且免费
RHEL9 --》red hat enterprice linux 9
red hat 开源，但是收费的 --》商业版本
centos 被red hat收购 ---》centos 成了redhat的试验场
Ubuntu
cali@sanchuang:~/fabric/scripts$ cat /etc/issue
Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS \n \l
cali@sanchuang:~/fabric/scripts$
debian
centos8.4.2105 -->2c/4G/100G
root账号已经比禁用了–》设置密码就启用了
*ubuntu20.04.2 -->2c/4G/100G
=====*
2.docker 是什么?
(1)docker --》是一个软件，使用GO语言开发的一个软件, 对容器进行管理容器管理软件
集装箱 装货物 ： --》容器 container --》把一个进程装到容器里 --》控制这个进程的资源消耗（cpu，内存）
(2)hypervisor ：超级监督者；管理程序
VMware 是美国一个虚拟化厂商 --》VMware（威睿） 是全球桌面到数据中心虚拟化解决方案的领导厂商。
VMware ESXi：专门构建的裸机 Hypervisor
(3)裸机： 没有安装系统的机器
裸机 --》VMware ESXi
VMWARE workstation --》 入门级的虚拟化软件 --》低端的
微服务 --》docker
说到底,其实docker的一个容器，背后就是一个进程
(4)Engine 引擎： 核心的部件
**
具体操作:
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在centos8安装
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname sc-docker
[root@localhost ~]# su - root
上一次登录：二 8月 10 15:27:37 CST 2021从 192.168.0.189pts/0 上
[root@sc-docker ~]#
[root@sc-docker ~]# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 8.4.2105
[root@sc-docker ~]#
**## ****
1.卸载旧版本的docker******
\ 续行符号： 继续到下一行
yum remove docker
docker-client
docker-client-latest
docker-common
docker-latest
docker-latest-logrotate
docker-logrotate
docker-engine
#The Docker Engine package is now called docker-ce.
[root@sc-docker ~]# yum install -y yum-utils
2.添加yum仓库文件
添加docker官方的yum仓库文件，一会儿我们需要去docker官方的yum仓库下载软件
[root@sc-docker ~]# yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \ https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
添加仓库自：https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
[root@sc-docker ~]#
添加阿里云的镜像docker仓库 —》推荐使用
[root@sc-docker ~]# yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \ http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
添加仓库自：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
[root@sc-docker ~]#
[root@sc-docker yum.repos.d]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ 存放所有的yum仓库文件的
[root@sc-docker yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Linux-AppStream.repo CentOS-Linux-Devel.repo CentOS-Linux-Media.repo docker-ce.repo
CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo CentOS-Linux-Extras.repo CentOS-Linux-Plus.repo
CentOS-Linux-ContinuousRelease.repo CentOS-Linux-FastTrack.repo CentOS-Linux-PowerTools.repo
CentOS-Linux-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Linux-HighAvailability.repo CentOS-Linux-Sources.repo
[root@sc-docker yum.repos.d]#
docker-ce.repo 就是我们刚刚下载的
3.安装docker
[root@sc-docker yum.repos.d]# yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io -y
4.启动docker，并且设置docker开机启动
[root@sc-docker yum.repos.d]# systemctl start docker
[root@sc-docker yum.repos.d]# systemctl enable docker
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
[root@sc-docker yum.repos.d]#
[root@sc-docker yum.repos.d]# ps aux|grep docker
root 16210 0.4 2.0 1368904 79400 ? Ssl 17:29 0:00 /usr/bin/dockerd-H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
root 16363 0.0 0.0 12348 1112 pts/0 S+ 17:30 0:00 grep --color=auto docker
[root@sc-docker yum.repos.d]#
5.测试运行一个docker容器
[root@sc-docker yum.repos.d]# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image ‘hello-world:latest’ locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
b8dfde127a29: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:df5f5184104426b65967e016ff2ac0bfcd44ad7899ca3bbcf8e44e4461491a9e
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
- The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
- The Docker daemon pulled the “hello-world” image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64) - The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading. - The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
[root@sc-docker yum.repos.d]#
Ubuntu里安装docker
https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/
cali@sanchuang-server:~$ cat /etc/issue
Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS \n \l
cali@sanchuang-server:~$
卸载旧的docker
cali@sanchuang-server:~$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc
[sudo] password for cali:
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
E: Unable to locate package docker-engine
cali@sanchuang-server:~$
cali@sanchuang-server:~$ sudo apt-get update 更新系统里的所有的能更新的软件
6.安装几个工具软件
cali@sanchuang-server:~$sudo apt-get install
apt-transport-https
ca-certificates
curl
gnupg
lsb-release
curl 是字符界面的浏览器
gpgkey 是用来验证软件的真伪 --》防伪的
cali@sanchuang-server:~$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg
cali@sanchuang-server:~$
cali@sanchuang-server:~$ echo \
"deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu
( l s b r e l e a s e ? c s ) s t a b l e " ∣ s u d o t e e / e t c / a p t / s o u r c e s . l i s t . d / d o c k e r . l i s t > / d e v / n u l l c a l i @ s a n c h u a n g ? s e r v e r : ? (lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null cali@sanchuang-server:~ (lsbr?elease?cs)stable"∣sudotee/etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list>/dev/nullcali@sanchuang?server:?
cali@sanchuang-server:~$ sudo apt-get update 再次更新系统
Hit:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
Get:2 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal InRelease [52.1 kB]
Hit:3 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease
Get:4 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease [101 kB]
Get:5 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages [10.7 kB]
Get:6 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease [114 kB]
Fetched 277 kB in 3s (95.9 kB/s)
Reading package lists… Done
**
7.安装docker-ce软件
**
cali@sanchuang-server:~$sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io -y
(1)自动启动docker
cali@sanchuang-server:~$ ps aux|grep docker
root 3659 0.8 1.9 1309896 78164 ? Ssl 09:39 0:00 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
cali 4816 0.0 0.0 6432 736 pts/0 S+ 09:40 0:00 grep --color=auto docker
cali@sanchuang-server:~$
(2)测试
cali@sanchuang-server:~$ sudo docker run hello-world
Unable to find image ‘hello-world:latest’ locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
b8dfde127a29: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:df5f5184104426b65967e016ff2ac0bfcd44ad7899ca3bbcf8e44e4461491a9e
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
- The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
- The Docker daemon pulled the “hello-world” image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64) - The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading. - The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
**cali@sanchuang-server:~$
总结:
1.本篇文章只是简单地介绍了什么是docker,教你如何在Centos安装docker,简单易上手.
2.我个人对于docker的理解就是,它就像一个海量的APP store,只是它不像手机上,我安装了微信就可以马上去视频,docker需要去pull images,是很方便的,像常用的python和MySQL上面都有,只有你想不到的,没有它没有的.
3.最后一句,也是最重要的,一定要动手操作,有任何问题可以评论或者留言哈.
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如果你看到这里了,麻烦👍 + 关注哈,感谢支持,码字不易,谢谢理解.
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