1.Linux中软件包的类型
1.DEB #UBlinux DEBlinux
2.RPM #redhat centOS fc
3.bz2|gz|xz #1.需要源码安装需要编译
#2.绿色软件，直接可用
#ntfs-3g_ntfsprogs-2017.3.23.tgz 需要编译 “configure”
#Firefox-latest-x86_64.tar.bz2 绿色
“注意在rhel8中只能使用绿色软件，源码编译软件和rpm软件”
2.软件包的名称结构
[dhcp-server]-[4.3.6-30].[el8].[x86_64].[rpm]
1 2 3 4 5
1.软件名称
2.软件版本
3.软件的授权协议版本
4.软件架构
5.软件类型后缀
3.rpm命令管理软件包
rpm
| 命令 | 功能 |
|---|---|
| -ivh | 安装参数组合-i install -v verbose -h hash |
| -a | 所有 |
| -f | 文件 |
| -p | 软件包 |
| -q | 查询 |
| -l | 软件安装文件列表 |
| -e | 卸载 |
| -c | 配置文件 |
| -d | 说明 |
| –info | 软件信息 |
| –force | 强制 |
| –nodeps | 忽略依赖性 但有些软件包即使忽略依赖性安装成功，也无法使用 |
| –scripts | 查询软件在安装或卸载过程中的运行脚本 |
| -Kv | 检测软件md5校验码 |
| -V | 检测已安装软件在系统中的文件被修改信息 |
[root@foundation50 ~]# rpm -qa 查询系统中所有安装的软件名字
python3-pycparser-2.14-14.el8.noarch
startup-notification-0.12-15.el8.x86_64
python3-meh-0.47.2-1.el8.noarch
cryptsetup-libs-2.2.2-1.el8.x86_64
sg3_utils-1.44-5.el8.x86_64
liberation-fonts-common-2.00.
[root@foundation50 ~]# which qq 查询qq存放的位置
/usr/local/bin/qq
[root@foundation50 ~]# rm -fr /usr/local/bin/qq 若误删qq存放的文件
[root@foundation50 ~]# rpm -qf /usr/local/bin/qq -qf可以查询文件对应的是那个安装包
linuxqq-2.0.0-b2.x86_64
[root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -ivh linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm 重新安装qq报错，显示已经安装
Verifying... ################################# [100%]
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
package linuxqq-2.0.0-b2.x86_64 is already installed
[root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -ivh linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm --force 需要强制安装 后面跟--force 就表示强制安装
Verifying... ################################# [100%]
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:linuxqq-2.0.0-b2 ################################# [100%]
注意：一般需要用到强制安装就是已经安装过了，需要再一次安装
[root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -qp linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm -qp查询软件安装包 ，安装
linuxqq-2.0.0-b2.x86_64
[root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -q linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm 不加p也可以 ，未安装的软件包也可以查询
linuxqq-2.0.0-b2.x86_64
[root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -ql linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm 查询软件安装文件列表，没有安装也可以查询
/usr/local/bin
/usr/local/bin/crashpad_handler
/usr/local/bin/qq
/usr/local/lib/tencent-qq
/usr/local/share/tencent-qq
/usr/local/share/tencent-qq/CHANGELOG.txt
/usr/local/share/tencent-qq/credits.html
/usr/local/share/tencent-qq/qq.png
/usr/local/share/tencent-qq/res.db
/usr/share/applications/qq.desktop
[root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -qi linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm 查询软件信息 或者加 --info，如下
[root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -q linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm --info 查询软件信
Name : linuxqq
Version : 2.0.0
Release : b2
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: (not installed)
Group : Unspecified
Size : 36250379
License : Commercial
Signature : (none)
Source RPM : linuxqq-2.0.0-b2.src.rpm
Build Date : Thu 18 Mar 2021 09:16:51 AM CST
Build Host : fengfuliu1556250928808-0.fengfuliu1556250928808.default.svc.cluster.local
Relocations : /usr/local
Packager : Tencent <support@tencent.com>
Vendor : Tencent Inc.
URL : https://im.qq.com/linuxqq
Summary : QQ for linux
Description :
腾讯QQ Linux版本。
[root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -e linuxqq 卸载软件
[root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -qc openssh-server 查询软件的配置文件
/etc/pam.d/sshd
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
/etc/sysconfig/sshd
[root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -qd openssh-server 查询软件的说明
/usr/share/man/man5/moduli.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/sshd_config.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/sftp-server.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/sshd.8.gz
[root@foundation50 pub]# rpm -ivh google-chrome-stable-49.0.2623.108-1.x86_64.rpm --nodeps 谷歌浏览器有很多依赖性， --nodeps 表示忽略依赖性安装
[root@foundation50 pub]# rpm -qp google-chrome-stable-49.0.2623.108-1.x86_64.rpm --scripts 查询软件在安装或卸载过程中的运行脚本
preinstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh): 安装前干的事情
exit 0
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Post install script 安装后干的事情
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
postinstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh):
# Add icons to the system icons
XDG_ICON_RESOURCE="`which xdg-icon-resource 2> /dev/null || true`"
if [ ! -x "$XDG_ICON_RESOURCE" ]; then
。。。。。
[root@foundation50 mnt]# rpm -Kv linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm 检测软件md5校验码,校验码都是ok的，说明软件没有被串改
linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm:
Header SHA1 digest: OK j
MD5 digest: OK
[root@foundation50 mnt]# echo westos >> linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm 软件包被串改
[root@foundation50 mnt]# rpm -Kv linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm
linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm:
Header SHA1 digest: OK
Payload SHA256 digest: NOTFOUND 检测不ok，说明软件被传改过
MD5 digest: BAD (Expected 0f1b878b71b988a16eb3017a041c583a != a994652b824907d2037e57c0f7cb8cd2)
[root@foundation50 mnt]# rpm -V linuxqq 检测已安装软件在系统中的文件是否被修改
[root@foundation50 mnt]# echo westos >> /usr/local/bin/qq 修改qq的文件
[root@foundation50 mnt]# rpm -V linuxqq
S.5....T. /usr/local/bin/qq 显示文件被修改过
4 、本地软件仓库的搭建
系统软件仓库的作用：在系统中对软件进行管理，rpm命令是不能解决依赖关系的，如果需要软件在安装过程中自动解决依赖关系，需要搭建系统软件仓库，就像手机商店一样
搭建方法
1、下载系统安装时所需的安装镜像
[root@foundation50 isos]# ls
rhel-8.2-x86_64-dvd.iso 镜像里有官方准备的安装包，若想查看者需要挂载到目录里，通过目录查看镜像里面的内容
2、建立目录
[root@foundation50 isos]# mkdir /westos
3、挂载
[root@foundation50 isos]# mount rhel-8.2-x86_64-dvd.iso /westos/ 挂载镜像
mount: /westos: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.
[root@foundation50 isos]# df 查看是否挂载好
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 6054996 0 6054996 0% /dev
tmpfs 6085392 141976 5943416 3% /dev/shm
tmpfs 6085392 18252 6067140 1% /run
tmpfs 6085392 0 6085392 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel_foundation50-root 307230136 77438184 229791952 26% /
/dev/sda6 1038336 213064 825272 21% /boot
/dev/sda2 98304 31279 67025 32% /boot/efi
tmpfs 1217076 12 1217064 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 1217076 24 1217052 1% /run/user/1000
/dev/loop0 8238560 8238560 0 100% /westos
[root@foundation50 isos]# cd /westos/ q切换到westos
[root@foundation50 westos]# ls 可以看到镜像里面的内容
AppStream EULA images RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta
BaseOS extra_files.json isolinux RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
EFI GPL media.repo TRANS.TBL
AppStream中是一些应用软件 BaseOS中是一些内核等软件 在安装软件的时候有一些依赖性，不确定依赖性在哪个库中，所以在搭建本地软件仓库的时候，两个库都写
4、编写软件仓库文件
[root@foundation50 westos]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ 仓库文件指向目录
[root@foundation50 yum.repos.d]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/westos.repo
将编写的文件放在仓库文件指向目录中，并且文件的结尾必须是以repo结尾否则不识别
[ AppStream] ##仓库名称 应用软件
name=AppStream ##描述
baseurl=file:///westos/AppStream ##f访问软件存放目录地址 /westos 为自己挂载镜像目录
gpgcheck=0 ##等于0不检测gpgkey（跳过授权检测） =1：等于1检测，此时需要gpgkey
gpgkey=/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release ### 去检测软件是不是官方授权的
[BaseOS]###系统的核心：函数库，内核
name=BaseOS
baseurl=file:///westos/BaseOS
gpgcheck=0
enable=1 ###表示启用此库 默认为1 =0：不启用此库
[root@foundation50 yum.repos.d]# dnf clean all 将系统中以及读取过软件仓库的信息清理掉
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
25 files removed
[root@foundation50 yum.repos.d]# cd /var/cache/dnf/ 清除的就是这个目录里的文件
[root@foundation50 dnf]# ls
AppStream-4002311a1f8f0602 BaseOS-e603ff569954d031 last_makecache
AppStream-b0777c5f74c3405e commandline-a76fe31ae310b0c7 packages.db
AppStream-ea34aa398f56f4f0 expired_repos.json rhel8-30c83ab4ec6321af
BaseOS-5c5271346fadac6f google-chrome-eb0d6f10ccbdafba tempfiles.json
BaseOS-68a81d68eef9cce1 kolourpaint-a4a8f194f7fcf618
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf list gcc 列出gcc软件
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
AppStream 32 MB/s | 5.8 MB 00:00
BaseOS 26 MB/s | 2.3 MB 00:00
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Wed 25 Aug 2021 10:51:59 PM CST.
Installed Packages
gcc.x86_64 8.3.1-5.el8 @AppStream 发现已经有了gcc软件包
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf install gcc -y 此时就可以安装gcc
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:44 ago on Wed 25 Aug 2021 10:51:59 PM CST.
Package gcc-8.3.1-5.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!
5.网络软件仓库的搭建
在企业中，我们维护的系统数量庞大，
当我们需要在每个系统安装软件管理软件时
可以在每个系统中各自搭建软件仓库
但是这样管理软件会浪费大量的资源
如何节省这部分重复的资源
需要把大家都要使用的资源共享到互联网中
这样大家就可以利用网络访问资源，不需要在每一台 主机中独立建立软件资源了。
搭建方法：
1、利用镜像搭建系统本地仓库，（如上）
2、安装共享软件
共享方式http:// 超文本传输协议
提供此协议的软件 Apache
软件包名称 httpd
共享位置 /var/www/html Apache默认发布目录
安装命令 dnf install httpd -y
3.启用共享软件Apache
systemctl disable --now firewalld 关闭火墙
systemctl enable --now httpd ###设置httpd开机自启动
4.建立共享目录
mkdir /var/www/html/westos
5.挂在景象到共享目录
先卸载掉之前的挂载 umount /westos
挂载：mount /xxxxxxx.iso /var/www/html/westos当镜像在系统中存在时
mount /dev/cdrom /var/www/html/westos 不存在镜像时可使用光驱读取镜像
vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local 在开机时自动挂载
mount /isos/rhel-8.2-x86_64-dvd.iso /var/www/html/westos
chmod +X /etc/rc.d/rc.local ##给予可执行权力
6.在远程主机westos_linux中访问资源并书写repo文件 ##也可以直接在本地测试
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/westos.repo 软件仓库指向目录 ，文件必须以repo结尾
[AppStream]
name=AppStream
baseurl=http://172.25.254.50/westos/AppStream/ 172.25.254.50未共享主机的ip
gpgcheck=0
[BaseOS]
name=BaseOS
baseurl=http://172.25.254.50/westos/BaseOS/
gpgcheck=0
6.dnf 软件管理命令
dnf
| 命令 | 功能 |
|---|---|
| repolist | 列出仓库信息 |
| clean all | 清除系统中已经加载的仓库缓存信息 |
| list all | 列出所有软件 |
| list available | 列出未安装软件 |
| list installed | 列出已安装软件 |
| install | 安装 |
| remove | 卸载 |
| reinstall | 重新安装 |
| search | 搜索 |
| whatprovides | 搜索包含文件的软件包 |
| history | dnf执行历史 |
| history info | dnf执行历史详细信息 |
| group list | 列出软件组 |
| group list --installed | 列出已安装软件组 |
| group list --available | 列出未安装软件组 |
| group list --hidden | 列出隐藏软件案组 |
| group install | 安装软件组 |
| group info | 查看软件组信息 |
[root@foundation50 yum.repos.d]# dnf repolist 列出仓库软件信息
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
repo id repo name
AppStream AppStream
BaseOS BaseOS
[root@foundation50 yum.repos.d]# cd /var/cache/dnf/ 以加载的仓库信息文件
[root@foundation50 dnf]# ls
AppStream-4002311a1f8f0602 BaseOS-5a0b07a03f07bb81 google-chrome-eb0d6f10ccbdafba
AppStream-66c7d678d2cb8d44 BaseOS-5c5271346fadac6f kolourpaint-a4a8f194f7fcf618
AppStream-b0777c5f74c3405e BaseOS-68a81d68eef9cce1 last_makecache
AppStream-ea34aa398f56f4f0 BaseOS-e603ff569954d031 packages.db
AppStream-edd56422de0841bf BaseOS-filenames.solvx rhel8-30c83ab4ec6321af
AppStream-filenames.solvx BaseOS.solv tempfiles.json
AppStream.solv commandline-a76fe31ae310b0c7
BaseOS-380ca80269784dd9 expired_repos.json
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf clean all 清除以加载的仓库信息文件
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
20 files removed
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf list all 列出所有软件
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:05:06 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 11:17:04 AM CST.
Installed Packages
GConf2.x86_64 3.2.6-22.el8 @AppStream
ModemManager.x86_64 1.10.8-2.el8 @anaconda
ModemManager-glib.x86_64 1.10.8-2.el8 @anaconda
NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.22.8-4.el8 @anaconda
NetworkManager-adsl.x86_64 1:1.22.8-4.el8 @anaconda
NetworkManager-bluetooth.x86_64 1:1.22.8-4.el8 @anaconda
NetworkManager-config-server.noarch 1:1.22.8-4.el8 @anaconda
NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.22.8-4.el8 @anaconda
NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.22.8-4.el8 @anaconda
。。。。。。。。
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf list available 列出未安装软件
yp-tools.x86_64 4.2.3-1.el8 AppStream
ypbind.x86_64 3:2.5-2.el8 AppStream
ypserv.x86_64 4.0-6.20170331git5bfba76.el8 AppStream
yum-utils.noarch 4.0.12-3.el8 BaseOS
zlib.i686 1.2.11-13.el8 BaseOS
zlib-devel.i686 1.2.11-13.el8 BaseOS
zlib-devel.x86_64 1.2.11-13.el8 BaseOS
zsh.x86_64 5.5.1-6.el8_1.2 BaseOS
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf list installed 列出已安装软件
xorg-x11-xinit-session.x86_64 1.3.4-18.el8 @AppStream
xorg-x11-xkb-utils.x86_64 7.7-27.el8 @AppStream
xz.x86_64 5.2.4-3.el8 @anaconda
xz-libs.x86_64 5.2.4-3.el8 @anaconda
yajl.x86_64 2.1.0-10.el8 @AppStream
yelp.x86_64 2:3.28.1-3.el8 @AppStream
yelp-libs.x86_64 2:3.28.1-3.el8 @AppStream
yelp-tools.noarch 3.28.0-3.el8 @AppStream
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf remove gcc 卸载软件
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf reinstall gcc -y 安装过的软件要重新安装需要用reinstall
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf search httpd 通过关键字搜索软件
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:19:00 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 11:17:04 AM CST.
================================== Name Exactly Matched: httpd ===================================
httpd.x86_64 : Apache HTTP Server
================================= Name & Summary Matched: httpd ==================================
redhat-logos-httpd.noarch : Red Hat-related icons and pictures used by httpd
keycloak-httpd-client-install.noarch : Tools to configure Apache HTTPD as Keycloak client
[root@foundation50 dnf]# rm -fr /bin/ls 删除了ls软件所在文件
[root@foundation50 dnf]# ls
bash: /usr/bin/ls: No such file or directory
[root@foundation50 dnf]# rpm -qf /bin/ls 可以用rpm命令查看是那个安装包
coreutils-8.30-6.el8.x86_64
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf whatprovides /bin/ls dnf命令查看需要用 whatprovides
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:22:40 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 11:17:04 AM CST.
coreutils-8.30-6.el8.x86_64 : A set of basic GNU tools commonly used in shell scripts
Repo : @System
Matched from:
Provide : /bin/ls
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf reinstall coreutils-8.30-6.el8.x86_64 -y 进行重新安装，ls命令就可以用了
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf history dnf执行的历史记录
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
ID | Command line | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15 | reinstall coreutils-8.30 | 2021-08-26 11:40 | R | 2
14 | reinstall gcc | 2021-08-26 11:33 | R | 2
13 | install gcc -y | 2021-08-26 11:32 | Install | 7
12 | remove gcc | 2021-08-26 11:30 | Removed | 7
11 | install gcc -y | 2021-08-26 11:00 | Install | 1 <
10 | install httpd -y | 2021-08-26 10:50 | Install | 9 >
9 | erase httpd | 2021-08-26 10:50 | Removed | 9 EE
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf history info 12 查看dnf执行的历史详细信息
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Transaction ID : 12
Begin time : Thu 26 Aug 2021 11:30:32 AM CST
Begin rpmdb : 1481:fcd53e2f43d907ff7a8c4af7ab86e6b003c1d2f3
End time : Thu 26 Aug 2021 11:30:37 AM CST (5 seconds)
End rpmdb : 1474:7b30c951e73b3fd01189a19cd950283a7b2577ac
User : <westos>
Return-Code : Success
Releasever : 8
Command Line : remove gcc
Packages Altered:
Removed cpp-8.3.1-5.el8.x86_64 @@System
Removed gcc-8.3.1-5.el8.x86_64 @@System
Removed glibc-devel-2.28-101.el8.x86_64 @@System
Removed glibc-headers-2.28-101.el8.x86_64 @@System
Removed isl-0.16.1-6.el8.x86_64 @@System
Removed kernel-headers-4.18.0-193.el8.x86_64 @@System
Removed libxcrypt-devel-4.1.1-4.el8.x86_64 @@Syste
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf group list 列出软件组
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 2:57:21 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 12:06:20 PM CST.
Available Environment Groups:
Server
Minimal Install
Workstation
Virtualization Host
Custom Operating System
Installed Environment Groups:
Server with GUI
Installed Groups:
Container Management
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf group list --installed 列出已安装的软件组
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:52 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 03:06:31 PM CST.
Installed Environment Groups:
Server with GUI
Installed Groups:
Container Management
Headless Management
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf group list --available 列出未安装的软件组
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:03:38 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 03:06:31 PM CST.
Available Environment Groups:
Server
Minimal Install
Workstation
Virtualization Host
Custom Operating System
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf group list --hidden 列出隐藏的软件组
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:06:59 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 03:06:31 PM CST.
Available Environment Groups:
Server
Minimal Install
Workstation
Virtualization Host
Custom Operating System
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf group info "Virtualization Client" 查看虚拟化软件组的信息
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:12:50 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 03:06:31 PM CST.
Group: Virtualization Client
Description: Clients for installing and managing virtualization instances.
Mandatory Packages:
gnome-boxes
virt-install
virt-manager
virt-viewer
Default Packages:
virt-top
Optional Packages:
libguestfs-inspect-icons
libguestfs-tools
libguestfs-tools-c
[root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf group install "Virtualization Client" 安装虚拟化软件组
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:16:37 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 03:06:31 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
==================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
==================================================================================================
Installing Groups:
Virtualization Client
Transaction Summary
==================================================================================================
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Complete!
自己电脑能上网的两条命令
[root@foundation50 isos]# ip route add default via 172.25.254.250 enp4s0f1 加一个网关
[root@foundation50 isos]# vim /etc/resolv.conf
[root@foundation50 isos]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 114.114.114.114
7.网络源epel(可以下载系统里面没有的软件,如flameshot,pingyin)
[root@foundation50 yum.repos.d]# vim westos.repo
[aliyunrepo]
name=aliyunrepo
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/8/Everything/x86_64/ 阿里云镜像
gpgcheck=0
[aliyunrepo]
name=aliyunrepo
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/8/Everything/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
[AppStream] 加上系统本地源,仓库就全了
name=AppStream
baseurl=http://172.25.254.50/westos/AppStream
gpgcheck=0
[BaseOS]
name=BaseOS
baseurl=http://172.25.254.50/westos/BaseOS
gpgcheck=0
[root@foundation50 yum.repos.d]# dnf search flameshot 搜索flameshot
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:14 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 04:32:58 PM CST.
================================ Name Exactly Matched: flameshot =================================
flameshot.x86_64 : Powerful and simple to use screenshot software
[root@foundation50 yum.repos.d]# dnf install flameshot -y 下载
8 、java的安装
[root@foundation50 Desktop]# dnf install java-11-openjdk.x86_64 java-11-openjdk-devel.x86_64 -y 安装java两个安装包
[root@foundation50 Desktop]# vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh 配置系统环境
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre-openjdk
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME:/bin
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools,jar
[root@foundation50 Desktop]# vim westos.java 写java代码
public class westos{
public static void main(string args[]){
System.out.println("hello westos");
}
}
[root@foundation50 Desktop]# javac westos.java 编译
[root@foundation50 Desktop]# java westos java部署成功
hello westos
10 、下载软件安装包
下载yum工具包
[root@foundation50 Desktop]# dnf install yum-utils.noarch -y
把httpd安装包下载到当前目录
[root@foundation50 Desktop]# yumdownloader httpd
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 5:46:44 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 04:56:45 PM CST.
httpd-2.4.37-21.module+el8.2.0+5008+cca404a3.x86_64.rpm
下载httpd安装包到指定的mnt当中
[root@foundation50 Desktop]# yumdownloader httpd --destdir=/mnt
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 5:49:12 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 04:56:45 PM CST.
httpd-2.4.37-21.module+el8.2.0+5008+cca404a3.x86_64.rpm
[root@foundation50 Desktop]# ls /mnt/
httpd-2.4.37-21.module+el8.2.0+5008+cca404a3.x86_64.rpm
下载软件包并下载依赖性
[root@foundation50 Desktop]# yumdownloader httpd --destdir=/mnt --resolv
11.第三方软件仓库的搭建方法
官方为什么能读取文件里的软件包，而自己建立的目录放入软件包不能读取，因为缺少repodata/数据目录，repodata目录里面有软件元数据信息，例如软件名、依赖性等属性信息，官方是识别repodata里面数据，而不是识别软件本身
如何实现第三方软件仓库搭建，如下步骤：
##步骤##
1.建立共享目录
mkdir /var/www/html/software
2.把所有的第三方软件存放到/var/www/html/software中
/var/www/html/software中只能存在rpm类型的文件,压缩包是不能使用dnf管理的
3.采集第三方软件数据生成repodate目录
dnf install createrepo -y 安装采集工具
cd /var/www/html/software
进入到共享目录
createrepo -v /software/ 对共享目录中进行扫描生成repodate数据目录
4.在测试主机中指定第三方共享源
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/westos.repo
[software]
name=software
baseurl=http://172.25.254.50/software
gpgcheck=0
注意：若重新加入软件，需要createrepo -v 去重新扫描