[系统运维]Linux指令和对应的英文全称，Linux单横杠和双横杠的区别

1、linux单横杠 双横杠的区别

其实不叫横杠，是叫hyphen连字符。
-，单个连字符跟的是多个单字符参数，--，双连字符跟的是单个多字符参数
想想这设计也是巧妙，如果不区分的话，写在一起几个字母都不知道每个字母区分还是什么。

2、Linux指令和对应的英文全称

每次敲命令都很容易忘记命令对应的指令含义，其实找的了还是有一些英文全称对应的。做个记录。

找源头没找到最原始的资料，不过找到了一些相关的英文原文
https://titanwolf.org/Network/Articles/Article?AID=9c2e5adc-4725-4ace-a862-99ab50132d8d#gsc.tab=0?
http://mally.stanford.edu/~sr/computing/basic-unix.html
https://www.unixguide.net/unix/faq/1.3.shtml

/bin = BINaries 二进制
/dev = DEVices ?设备
/etc = ETCetera 等等，零零碎碎文件
/lib = LIBrary ?库
/proc = PROCesses?
/sbin = Superuser BINaries
/tmp = TeMPorary
/usr = Unix Shared Resources ?不是user而是共享资源
/var = VARiable ?变化的文件

FIFO = First In, First Out
GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader
IFS = Internal Field Seperators
LILO = LInux LOader

PS = Prompt String

Tcl = Tool Command Language

Tk = ToolKit

VT = Video Terminal

YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool

apache = "a patchy" server

apt = Advanced Packaging Tool

ar = archiver

as = assembler

awk = "Aho Weiberger and Kernighan" The first letter of the last name of the three author
这个命令是三个作者的名称

bash = Bourne Again SHell

bc = Basic (Better) Calculator

bg = BackGround

biff = A dog raised by Uid Berkely by author Heidi Stettner.

cal = CALendar

cat = CATenate，连成串

cd = Change Directory

chgrp = CHange GRouP

chmod = CHange MODe

chown = CHange OWNer

chsh = CHange SHell

cmp = compare

cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture

comm = common

cp = CoPy

cpio = CoPy In and Out

cpp = C Pre Processor

cron = Chronos Greek time

cups = Common Unix Printing System

cvs = Current Version System

daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor

dc = Desk Calculator

dd = Disk Dump

df = Disk Free

diff = DIFFerence

dmesg = diagnostic message

du = Disk Usage

ed = editor

egrep = Extended GREP

elf = Extensible Linking Format

elm = ELectronic Mail

emacs = Editor MACroS

eval = EVALuate

ex = EXtended

exec = EXECute

fd = file descriptors

fg = ForeGround

fgrep = Fixed GREP

fmt = format

fsck = File System ChecK

fstab = FileSystem TABle

fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager

gawk = GNU AWK

gpg = GNU Privacy Guard

groff = GNU troff

hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer

joe = Joe's Own Editor

ksh = Korn SHell

lame = Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder

lex = LEXical analyser

lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses

ln = LiNk

lpr = Line PRint

ls = list

lsof = LiSt Open Files

m4 = Macro processor Version 4

man = MANual pages

mawk = Mike Brennan's AWK

mc = Midnight Commander

mkfs = MaKe FileSystem

mknod = MaKe NODe

motd = Message of The Day

mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa

mtab = Mount TABle

mv = MoVe

nano = Nano's ANOther editor

nawk = New AWK

nl = Number of Lines

nm = names

nohup = No HangUP

nroff = New ROFF

od = Octal Dump

passwd = PASSWorD

pg = pager

pico = PIne's message COmposition editor

pine = "Program for Internet News & Email" = "Pine is not Elm"

ping = Onomatopoeia = Packet InterNet Grouper

pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability

popd = POP Directory

pr = pre

printf = PRINT Formatted

ps = Processes Status

pty = pseudo tty

pushd = PUSH Directory

pwd = Print Working Directory

rc = runcom = run command, rc is still the shell of plan9

rev = REVerse

rm = ReMove

rn = Read News

roff = RunOFF

rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager

rsh, rlogin, r = Remote in rvim

rxvt = ouR XVT

seamoneky = me

sed = Stream EDitor

seq = SEQuence

shar = SHell ARchive

slrn = S-Lang rn

ssh = Secure SHell

ssl = Secure Sockets Layer

stty = Set TTY

su = Substitute User

svn = SubVersioN

tar = Tape ARchive

tcsh = TENEX C shell

tee = T (T-shaped water pipe connection)

telnet = TEminaL over Network

termcap = terminal capability

terminfo = terminal information

tex = abbreviation of τ? χνη, Greek art

tr = traslate

troff = Typesetter new ROFF

tsort = Topological SORT

tty = TeleTypewriter

twm = Tom's Window Manager

tz = TimeZone

udev = Userspace DEV

ulimit = User's LIMIT

umask = User's MASK

uniq = UNIQue

vi = VIsual = Very Inconvenient

vim = Vi IMproved

wall = write all

wc = Word Count

wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator

xargs = eXtended ARGuments

xdm = X Display Manager

xlfd = X Logical Font Description

xmms = X Multimedia System

xrdb = X Resources DataBase

xwd = X Window Dump

yacc = yet another compiler compiler

File/Directory Basics

ls List files

cp Copy files

mv Rename files

rm Delete files

ln Link files

cd Change directory

pwd Print current directory

name

mkdir Create directory

rmdir Delete directory

File Viewing

cat View files

less Page through files

head View file beginning

tail View file ending

nl Number lines

od View binary data

xxd View binary data

gv View Postscript/PDF files

xdvi View TeX DVI files

File Creation and Editing

emacs Text editor

vim Text editor

umask Set default file

protections

soffice Edit Word/Excel/

PowerPoint docs

abiword ? Edit Word documents

gnumeric ? Edit Excel documents

File Properties

stat Display file attributes

wc Count bytes/words/lines

du Measure disk usage

file Identify file types

touch Change file timestamps

chown Change file owner

chgrp Change file group

chmod Change file protections

chattr Change advanced file

attributes

lsattr List advanced file

attributes

File Location

find Locate files

slocate Locate files via index

which Locate commands

whereis Locate standard files

File Text Manipulation

grep=Global Regular Expression Print 打印匹配

lines

cut Extract columns

paste Append columns

tr Translate characters

sort Sort lines

uniq Locate identical lines

tee Copy stdin to a file and

to stdout simultaneously

File Compression

gzip Compress files

(GNU Zip)

compress Compress files (Unix)

bzip2 Compress files (BZip2)

zip Compress files

(Windows Zip)

File Comparison

diff Compare files line by line

comm Compare sorted files

cmp Compare files byte

by byte

md5sum Compute checksums

Disks and Filesystems

df ? Show free disk space

mount Make a disk accessible

fsck Check a disk for errors

sync Flush disk caches

Backups and Remote Storage

mt Control a tape drive

dump Back up a disk

restore Restore a dump

tar Read/write tape archives

cdrecord Burn a CD

rsync Mirror a set of files