文章目录
容器相关的命令
先有个认知： 有镜像才能创建容器
下载一个centos的基础镜像
我们来看个例子 : 下载一个centos的基础镜像
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a1d0c7532777: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 weeks ago 231MB
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
新建容器并启动 docker run
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/run/
操作说明
Option 太多了，看官文吧 ，这里挑几个常用的
$ docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
# 参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字 ,任意指定,用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器端口 -p 8080:8080
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口 （常用）
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-P 随机指定端口
启动并进入容器
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 weeks ago 231MB
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
# 启动并进入容器
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@23e62436c0c5 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@23e62436c0c5 /]# pwd
/
# 从容器中退回主机
[root@23e62436c0c5 /]# exit
exit
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# pwd
/root
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
查看当前有哪些容器正在运行 docker ps
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/ps/
# docker ps 显示正常运行的容器
-a # 显示当前正在运行的容器 + 历史运行过的容器
-n=? # 显示最近创建的容器
-q # 只显示容器的编号
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# 显示正常运行的容器
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# 显示当前正在运行的容器 + 历史运行过的容器
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
23e62436c0c5 centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago admiring_austin
95a5e684ea82 feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 44 hours ago Exited (0) 44 hours ago dazzling_davinci
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# 查看帮助
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps --help
Usage: docker ps [OPTIONS]
List containers
Options:
-a, --all Show all containers (default shows just running)
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print containers using a Go template
-n, --last int Show n last created containers (includes all states) (default -1)
-l, --latest Show the latest created container (includes all states)
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet Only display container IDs
-s, --size Display total file sizes
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps -n=1
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
23e62436c0c5 centos "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago admiring_austin
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps -aq
23e62436c0c5
95a5e684ea82
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
启动容器
docker start container_name/container_id # 启动容器
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/start/
停止容器
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/stop/
docker stop container_name/container_id # 停止当前正在运行的容器
重启容器
docker restart container_name/container_id # 重启容器
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/restart/
强制停止
docker kill container_name/container_id # 强制停止当前容器
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/kill/
进入容器
后台启动一个容器后，如果想进入到这个容器，可以使用attach命令
docker attach container_name/container_id
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/attach/
退出容器
exit # 直接退出容器并停止
Ctrl + P + Q # 退出容器但是容器不停止
# 查看
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps 发现无运行的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@5fa6e10931b5 /]#
[root@5fa6e10931b5 /]# Ctrl + P + Q # 退出容器但是容器不停止
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# 查看运行的容器
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps 发现容器并没有退出，区别于exit
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5fa6e10931b5 centos "/bin/bash" 19 seconds ago Up 18 seconds agitated_pare
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# 进入容器
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker attach 5fa6e10931b5
[root@5fa6e10931b5 /]#
[root@5fa6e10931b5 /]#
删除容器
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/rm/
docker rm container_name/container_id # 不能删除正在运行的容器
删除所有停止的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)
其他常用命令
查看当前系统Docker信息
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/info/
docker info
后台启动容器
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker run -d centos
04abf017a5b00eb23707c07dc0d0d521d022bc9bba3d7a59d2aca855e87422c5
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
问题docker ps ，发现 centos 停止了
docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就自动停止
docker logs 查看日志
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/logs/
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker run --name test -d centos sh -c "while true; do $(echo date); sleep 1; done"
d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker logs -f --until=2s test
Wed Oct 6 12:31:43 UTC 2021
Wed Oct 6 12:31:44 UTC 2021
Wed Oct 6 12:31:45 UTC 2021
Wed Oct 6 12:31:46 UTC 2021
docker top
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/top/
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d0dd49e573ce centos "sh -c 'while true; …" About a minute ago Up About a minute test
3b68181c277f centos "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes wizardly_hopper
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker top d0dd49e573ce
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 24424 24405 0 20:31 ? 00:00:00 sh -c while true; do date; sleep 1; done
root 25067 24424 0 20:33 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker top 3b68181c277f
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 23338 23317 0 20:26 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
查看镜像中的元数据 docker inspect
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/inspect/
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d0dd49e573ce centos "sh -c 'while true; …" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes test
3b68181c277f centos "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes wizardly_hopper
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker inspect d0dd49e573ce
[
{
"Id": "d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc",
"Created": "2021-10-06T12:31:43.01364583Z",
"Path": "sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true; do date; sleep 1; done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 24424,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-10-06T12:31:43.314744794Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc/d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc-json.log",
"Name": "/test",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ff23509532fdb929a71fc16b935635699b212284aad75b2ba1a98c12be9e8188-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/75393e5cf278f83ef25913983a4eb3dfc84b59c157c393721f7b7287df241fe1/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ff23509532fdb929a71fc16b935635699b212284aad75b2ba1a98c12be9e8188/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ff23509532fdb929a71fc16b935635699b212284aad75b2ba1a98c12be9e8188/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ff23509532fdb929a71fc16b935635699b212284aad75b2ba1a98c12be9e8188/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "d0dd49e573ce",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"sh",
"-c",
"while true; do date; sleep 1; done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "8a50bb225a56d6a6d1a22a81d0800dab5a69a64c085854506efa7e32368f120d",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/8a50bb225a56",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "cb85731792a00f6a5551deb0c9d014d77cd0b40d36280998858916f302c97379",
"Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.18.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:03",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "f35f03a9225f5e0d05a8c929f9f23f46f1b6fae73962b04c1b0c300f6d062681",
"EndpointID": "cb85731792a00f6a5551deb0c9d014d77cd0b40d36280998858916f302c97379",
"Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.18.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:03",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
进入当前正在运行的容器
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/exec/
# 命令 docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash
方式一 docker exec
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d0dd49e573ce centos "sh -c 'while true; …" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes test
3b68181c277f centos "/bin/bash" 11 minutes ago Up 11 minutes wizardly_hopper
# 进入容器
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker exec -it d0dd49e573ce /bin/bash
[root@d0dd49e573ce /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 12:31 ? 00:00:00 sh -c while true; do date; sleep 1; done
root 813 0 0 12:38 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 839 1 0 12:38 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root 840 813 0 12:38 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@d0dd49e573ce /]#
方式二 docker attach
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d0dd49e573ce centos "sh -c 'while true; …" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes test
3b68181c277f centos "/bin/bash" 14 minutes ago Up 14 minutes wizardly_hopper
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker attach 3b68181c277f
[root@3b68181c277f /]#
[root@3b68181c277f /]#
[root@3b68181c277f /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 12:26 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 15 1 0 12:41 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@3b68181c277f /]#
[root@3b68181c277f /]#
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上 docker cp
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/cp/
命令 docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的的主机路径
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d0dd49e573ce centos "sh -c 'while true; …" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes test
3b68181c277f centos "/bin/bash" 14 minutes ago Up 14 minutes wizardly_hopper
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker attach 3b68181c277f
[root@3b68181c277f /]#
[root@3b68181c277f /]#
[root@3b68181c277f /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 12:26 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 15 1 0 12:41 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@3b68181c277f /]#
[root@3b68181c277f /]# pwd
/
[root@3b68181c277f /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
# 在容器的根目录 / 创建一个文件 artisan.log
[root@3b68181c277f /]# touch artisan.log
[root@3b68181c277f /]#
[root@3b68181c277f /]# ls artisan.log
artisan.log
[root@3b68181c277f /]# pwd
/
# 退出容器
[root@3b68181c277f /]# exit
exit
# 宿主机上执行 docker cp 将容器内/artisan.log 拷贝到 宿主机的/root目录下
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker cp 3b68181c277f:/artisan.log /root
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# 查看copy的文件
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# cd /root
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# ls
artisan.log helloboot-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.conf helloboot-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar soft
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# ll artisan.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 6 20:42 artisan.log
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
命令总览 docker help
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker help
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
-c, --context string Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var and default context
set with "docker context use")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Management Commands:
app* Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
builder Manage builds
buildx* Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.6.1-docker)
config Manage Docker configs
container Manage containers
context Manage contexts
image Manage images
manifest Manage Docker image manifests and manifest lists
network Manage networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
plugin Manage plugins
scan* Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.8.0)
secret Manage Docker secrets
service Manage services
stack Manage Docker stacks
swarm Manage Swarm
system Manage Docker
trust Manage trust on Docker images
volume Manage volumes
Commands:
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
events Get real time events from the server
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image
images List images
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information
inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects
kill Kill one or more running containers
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Log in to a Docker registry
logout Log out from a Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
To get more help with docker, check out our guides at https://docs.docker.com/go/guides/
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/run/
