[系统运维]zabbix监控基本部署

监控概述：报告系统的状态，监控内容包括吞吐量，反应时间，使用率，提前发现问题，精准处理问题，找出系统瓶颈在什么地方。监控数据包括：共有数据和私有数据，共有数据比如监控web，ftp,ssh 数据库等这些服务网，和tcp,udp等端口是否正常，可以使用端口扫描工具，不需要连接本机运行，不需要经过root管理员，私有数据包括cpu,内存，磁盘，网卡流量，用户信息，进程信息，需要登陆服务器。cacti 绘图好，nagios 报警优点，zabbix吸取两者优点是一个高度集成监控解决方案，可以实现企业的开源分布式监控，zabbix通过c/s模式采集监控数据，zabbix通过b/s实现web管理。

常见系统监控命令：

ps  aux  #查看进程
ifconfig    [网卡名可选]  
uptime    #查看cpu负载，距上次登录时间
netstat|ss     #查看端口和服务
free  -m    #内存
swapon  -s   #交换分区
traceroute  #跟踪路由
df  -h      #挂载
iostat      #磁盘读写性能
sar  1  1  #每秒,1次查看cpu,网络，磁盘
sar  -n  DEV  1 2  #每秒显示2次 网卡流量

工作流程是：监控服务器可以通过snmp或者agent采集数据，数据可以写入mysql,oracle等数据中，服务器使用lnmp实现web前端的管理。被监控端需要安装agent,常见网络设备一般支持snmp.

先搭建lnmp环境准备：因zabbix的页面是采用php编写的代码，上线到lnmp平台，我们可以通过web页面去管理我们的监控主机查看数据。

部署监控端：设置主机名zabbix,ip地址：192.168.2.5,关闭防火墙·和selinux? 被监控客户端：主机名为web1,web2，关闭防火墙，selinux。在监控主机(192.168.1.100)部署lnmp平台，数据库zabbix,登录数据库用户zabbix,登录密码zabbix,这里使用源码包安装，下载源码压缩包,并解压，cd切换进来，这里下载了zabbix-3.4.4.tar.gz nginx-1.17.6.tar.gz 部署环境，创建zabbix-lnmp.sh脚本，如下，并且赋予执行权限。??

vim? ?zabbix-lnmp.sh

#!/bin/bash
#定义软件包的变量名
date=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`
zabbix_tar_gz=zabbix-3.4.4.tar.gz
zabbix=zabbix-3.4.4
nginx_tar_gz=nginx-1.17.6.tar.gz
nginx=nginx-1.17.6
#设置防火墙,selinux
firewall-cmd  --set-default-zone=trusted
sed  -i  '/SELINUX/s/enforcing/permissive/'   /etc/selinux/config
setenforce  0


#安装lnmp平台及依赖包
echo "[Unit]                               
Description=The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
Execstop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target"  >  /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
systemctl  daemon-reload
systemctl  stop  nginx
yum -y  install gcc  pcre-devel  openssl-devel make
tar -xf  $nginx_tar_gz
cd   $nginx
./configure   --with-http_ssl_module
      #安装带有加密模块
[ -d  /usr/local/nginx ] || make && make install
[ -d  /usr/local/nginx ] &&  make
yum -y install  php   php-fpm php-mysql
      #配置PHP动态解析  

grep   'SCRIPT_FILENAME'  /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
sed  -i  '65,71 s/#//g'   /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
fi

sed  -i  '/SCRIPT_FILENAME/d'  /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
sed  -i  's/fastcgi_params/fastcgi.conf/'               /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
sed  -i  '/fastcgi_buffers 8 16k/d ; '          /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
sed  -i  '/fastcgi_buffer_size 32k/d  ; '              /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
sed  -i  '/fastcgi_connect_timeout  300/d  ; '  /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
sed  -i  '/fastcgi_send_timeout  300/d ; '      /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
sed  -i  '/fastcgi_read_timeout   300/d  ; '    /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
sed  -i  '/http {/ a fastcgi_buffers 8 16k ; '        /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
sed  -i  '/http {/ a fastcgi_buffer_size 32k ;'        /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
sed  -i  '/http {/ a fastcgi_connect_timeout  300  ; '  /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
sed  -i  '/http {/ a fastcgi_send_timeout  300 ; '      /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
sed  -i  '/http {/ a fastcgi_read_timeout   300  ; '    /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
mv /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx  /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx.$date  && cp  objs/nginx  /usr/local/nginx/sbin/  && make upgrade
yum -y install  php   php-fpm php-mysql
systemctl  restart php-fpm
systemctl  enable php-fpm
systemctl  restart  nginx
systemctl  enable  nginx
useradd  nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
echo "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"  >> /etc/rc.local
chmod  +x   /etc/rc.local

#配置数据库默认数据库zabbix,用户密码分别是zabbix  -----------------
yum -y install  mariadb mariadb-server  mariadb-devel
systemctl  start  mariadb
systemctl  enable mariadb
echo "create  database  zabbix  character  set utf8;"  | mysql
echo "grant all on zabbix.* to  zabbix@'localhost'  identified  by 'zabbix'; " | mysql
cd -
cd  $zabbix/database/mysql/
mysql  -uzabbix   -pzabbix  zabbix < schema.sql
mysql  -uzabbix   -pzabbix  zabbix < images.sql
mysql  -uzabbix   -pzabbix  zabbix < data.sql
#----------------------------------------------------------------


#安装zabbix依赖包
yum   -y    install php-gd php-xml php-ldap php-bcmath php-mbstring
yum -y install net-snmp-devel  curl-devel libevent-devel
cd -
tar   -xf  $zabbix_tar_gz
cd  $zabbix/
./configure  --enable-server  --enable-proxy  --enable-agent  --with-mysql=/usr/bin/mysql_config    --with-net-snmp   --with-libcurl
make install
#配置zabbix注册条件
sed   -i  '/date.timezone = Asia\/shanghai/d ' /etc/php.ini
sed   -i  '/max_execution/s/300/30/' /etc/php.ini
sed   -i   '/max_input_time/s/300/60/'  /etc/php.ini
sed   -i   '/post_max_size/s/32M/8M/' /etc/php.ini
sed   -i  '/;date.timezone =/a date.timezone = Asia/shanghai ' /etc/php.ini
sed   -i  '/max_execution/s/30/300/' /etc/php.ini
sed   -i   '/max_input_time/s/60/300/' /etc/php.ini
sed   -i   '/post_max_size/s/8M/32M/' /etc/php.ini
#设置zabbix登录数据库信息默认本机登录,用户,密码是zabix
sed   -i   '/^DBHost=localhost/d '  /usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf
sed   -i   '/^DBPassword=zabbix/d '  /usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf
sed   -i   '85i DBHost=localhost'   /usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf
sed   -i   '/DBName=zabbix/s/zabbix/zabbix/'  /usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf
sed   -i   '119i   DBPassword=zabbix'  /usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf
sed   -i   '/DBUser=zabbix/s/zabbix/zabbix/'  /usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf
useradd  zabbix




#配置zabbix-nginx服务网页安装包里边网页拷贝到nginx/html下设置权限
cd -
cd $zabbix/frontends/php/
cp -r  *  /usr/local/nginx/html/
chmod  -R  777  /usr/local/nginx/html/
#开启服务
zabbix_server
zabbix_agentd
echo zabbix_server >> /etc/rc.local
echo zabbix_agentd >> /etc/rc.local
chmod +x /etc/rc.local
#登录zabbix的用户默认是admin,密码是上面设置zabbix

#！/bin/bash
zabbix=zabbix-3.4.4
yum -y install gcc pcre-devel autoconf
cd   $zabbix/
./configure --enable-agent
make install
sed -i '/Server=127.0.0.1$/a Server=127.0.0.1,192.168.1.100' /usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
sed -i '/Server=127.0.0.1$/d '    /usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
sed  -i '/ServerActive=127.0.0.1$/a  ServerActive=192.168.1.100:10051 ' /usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
sed -i '/ServerActive=127.0.0.1$/d '         /usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
useradd zabbix
zabbix_agentd
echo zabbix_agentd >> /etc/rc.local
chmod  +x /etc/rc.local

在被监控主机下载zabbix-3.4.4.tar.gz , 在当前目录创建agent.sh脚本，如上，赋予执行权限，自动配置安装依赖包，配置/usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf，启服务，配置完毕。浏览器登录监控端ip/index.php,完成初始化，登录用户默认为admin,密码设置了zabbix.?

自定义监控key：在被监控主机上操作

#!/bin/bash
#name监控文件名key
name="count.line.passwd"
#com-line监控项命令行
com_line="sed -n '$='  /etc/passwd"
#mon_item监控文件key参数
mon_item="UserParameter=$name"
sed  -i  '/^UnsafeUserParameters/d'                                /usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
sed  -i  '/UnsafeUserParameters=0/a UnsafeUserParameters=1 '       /usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
sed  -i '/^Include=\/usr\/local\/etc\/zabbix_agentd.conf.d\//d'    /usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
sed  -i '265a Include=/usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf.d/'        /usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
echo  "$mon_item,$com_line" >  /usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf.d/$name
#echo  "UserParameter=count.line.passwd,sed -n '$=' /etc/passwd" >  /usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf.d/count.line.passwd
yum -y install psmisc 
killall zabbix_agentd
zabbix_agentd
sleep 3 
zabbix_get -s 127.0.0.1 -k $name