目录
一、传统方式
1、下载好安装包（Linux - Generic (glibc 2.12) (x86, 64-bit), Compressed TAR Archive）上传到服务器解压缩
#执行之后是tar格式文件，再解压
[root@bogon ~]# xz -d mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
#解压
[root@bogon ~]# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
#移动重命名
[root@bogon ~]# mv mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql?或者
[root@localhost ~]# tar -Jxvf mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz2、在mysql目录下创建data文件存放数据
[root@bogon ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/data3、创建mysql用户组和用户
[root@bogon ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@bogon ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql?4、授权
[root@bogon ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/5、创建mariadb文件并授权给 mysql?
[root@bogon mysql]# mkdir /var/log/mariadb
[root@bogon mysql]# touch /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
[root@bogon mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/log/mariadb/6、配置mysql的my.cnf如下
[mysql]
# 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
user = mysql
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
# 设置mysql的安装目录
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
#配置主节点信息
server_id=3306
log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin
log-bin=mysql-bin
#选择row模式
binlog-format=ROW
#需要同步的数据库名，如果有多个数据库，可重复此参数，每个数据库一行
binlog-do-db=test
#不同步mysql系统数据库
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
#配置主节点信息结束
#设置mysql数据库的日志及进程数据的存放目录
log-error =/usr/local/mysql/logs/mysql-error.log
pid-file =/usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid
# 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码
character-set-server=utf8mb4
lower_case_table_names=1
autocommit =1
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO
##################以上要修改的########################
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 1024
sort_buffer_size = 4M
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 4M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 128
#query_cache_size = 128M
tmp_table_size = 128M
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
max_connections = 500
max_connect_errors = 100
open_files_limit = 65535
binlog_format=mixed
binlog_expire_logs_seconds =864000
# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 4M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid7、初始化数据库
[root@bogon mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
?记住你的初始密码红框框冒号后面的??iBd5auJXgw+j
?8、配置环境变量
[root@bogon mysql]# vim /etc/profile
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib
export PATH
#生效
[root@bogon mysql]# source /etc/profile9、添加到服务设置开机启动
[root@bogon mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
#授权
[root@bogon mysql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
#添加到开机启动
[root@bogon mysql]# chkconfig --add mysql
[root@bogon mysql]# chkconfig mysql on
#检查是否成功
[root@bogon mysql]# chkconfig --list?10、启动?
[root@bogon mysql]# service mysql start
#相应的命令
{start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status}?11、登录数据库
#输入刚才的密码
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: ?12、修改密码设置远程连接
#修改密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED with mysql_native_password BY 'root';
flush privileges;
#创建任意远程连接
CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';
flush privileges;
#为root账户授权所有数据库所有权限
grant all on *.* to root;
flush privileges;?更多权限设置参考?Mysql权限设置_熟透的蜗牛的博客-CSDN博客
注意：log-error =/usr/local/mysql/logs/mysql-error.log
这个文件我是手动创建的，创建完成之后，重新授权给mysql用户，如果安装过程出错，请记得看错误日志！！！
navicat连接时请关闭防火墙或者开放3306端口。
#创建错误日志文件
[root@localhost mysql]# touch /usr/local/mysql/logs/mysql-error.log
#重新授权
[root@bogon ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/
二、Docker方式
1、拉取镜像
[root@localhost mysql]# docker pull mysql2、创建挂载文件
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/conf
3、配置文件my.cnf
[mysql]
# 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[client]
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
secure-file-priv= NULL
#主节点
#配置主节点信息
server_id=1001
log-bin=mysql-bin
#选择row模式
binlog-format=ROW
#需要同步的数据库名，如果有多个数据库，可重复此参数，每个数据库一行
binlog-do-db=test
#不同步mysql系统数据库
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
#配置主节点信息结束
# 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码
character-set-server=utf8mb4
lower_case_table_names=1
autocommit =1
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO
##################以上要修改的########################
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 1024
sort_buffer_size = 4M
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 4M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 128
#query_cache_size = 128M
tmp_table_size = 128M
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
max_connections = 500
max_connect_errors = 100
open_files_limit = 65535
binlog_format=mixed
binlog_expire_logs_seconds =864000
# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 4M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout4、创建Docker容器
docker run \
--privileged=true \
--restart=always \
-p 3306:3306 --name mysql \
-v /data/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql \
-v /data/mysql/conf/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root \
-d mysql:latest此时已经可以navicat连接了，如果连不上请继续往下。?
?5、配置远程连接
#进入容器
[root@bogon log]# docker container exec -it mysql /bin/bash
#配置远程访问
root@4d5306b674f7:/# mysql -uroot -p
#然后输入密码root
#创建任意远程连接
CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';
flush privileges;
#为root账户授权所有数据库所有权限
grant all on *.* to root;
flush privileges;
三、主从复制
原理简单描述
- master服务器将数据的改变记录二进制binlog日志，当master上的数据发生改变时，则将其改变写入二进制日志中。
- slave服务器会定时对master二进制日志询问是否发生改变，如果发生改变，则开始一个I/O线程请求master二进制事件。
- 同时master节点为每个I/O线程启动一个dump线程，用于向其发送二进制事件，并保存至从节点本地的中继日志（relay-log）中，从节点将启动IO线程从中继日志中读取二进制日志，然后SQL线程执行解析后的sql语句。
?
以Docker安装方式为例
1、配置主服务器my.cnf的[mysqld]下添加
#主节点
server_id = 1001
log-bin = mysql-bin
#选择row模式
binlog-format=ROW
#需要同步的数据库名，如果有多个数据库，可重复此参数，每个数据库一行
binlog-do-db=test
#不同步mysql系统数据库
binlog-ignore-db=mysql查看?
show variables like '%server_id%';
2、?配置slave的配置文件
#在/data/mysql下创建salve的配置文件文件
[root@bogon mysql]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/slave/conf从节点my.cnf配置文件?
[mysql]
# 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysqld]
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
secure-file-priv= NULL
#从节点
server_id = 1002
log-bin = mysql-bin
#选择row模式
binlog-format=ROW
#需要同步的数据库名，如果有多个数据库，可重复此参数，每个数据库一行
replicate-do-db=test
#不同步mysql系统数据库
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
#只读 只对非root用户有效
read-only=1
# 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码
character-set-server=utf8mb4
lower_case_table_names=1
autocommit =1
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO
##################以上要修改的########################
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 1024
sort_buffer_size = 4M
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 4M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 128
#query_cache_size = 128M
tmp_table_size = 128M
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
max_connections = 500
max_connect_errors = 100
open_files_limit = 65535
binlog_format=mixed
binlog_expire_logs_seconds =864000
# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 4M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
3、启动从节点
docker run \
--privileged=true \
--restart=always \
-p 33060:3306 --name mysql-slave \
-v /data/mysql/slave/data:/var/lib/mysql \
-v /data/mysql/slave/conf/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root \
-d mysql:latest?4、开始同步数据
在主节点执行sql
show master status;
?在从节点上执行如下sql
CHANGE MASTER TO master_host = '192.168.139.159',
master_user = 'root',
master_password = 'root',
master_log_file = 'mysql-bin.000003',
master_log_pos = 364;然后从节点执行如下sql
#开始同步
start slave;
#停止
STOP SLAVE;
#查看同步状态
SHOW SLAVE STATUS;到此结束?
参考：https://blog.csdn.net/u010565545/article/details/104961184