[系统运维]CentOS7和Windows7通过samba共享文件

1. 安装samba

sudo yum install samba samba-client -y

2. 创建用户和权限

sudo  adduser samba
#如果需要组授权，可以创建组,并把用户加入组中,如果不需要，可以不用创建
# groupadd sharewindow
# usermod -a -G sharewindow samba
# 创建目录
mkdir /var/mirror #如果只是临时文件传输，可以使用/tmp目录，系统重启就自动删除
sudo chmod 777 /var/mirror #如果想在window上具有写权限，目录开启写权限

3. samba添加用户

sudo smbpasswd -a samba

按照提示输入秘密

New SMB password:
Retype new SMB password:

4. smb配置

sudo vim /etc/samba/smb.conf

[global]
	workgroup = YOURGROUP
	security = user

	passdb backend = smbpasswd

	printing = cups
	printcap name = cups
	load printers = yes
	cups options = raw

#[homes]
#	comment = Home Directories
#	valid users = %S, %D%w%S
#	browseable = No
#	read only = No
#	inherit acls = Yes
#
#[printers]
#	comment = All Printers
#	path = /var/tmp
#	printable = Yes
#	create mask = 0600
#	browseable = No
#
#[print$]
#	comment = Printer Drivers
#	path = /var/lib/samba/drivers
#	write list = @printadmin root
#	force group = @printadmin
#	create mask = 0664
#	directory mask = 0775

[share]
    comment = Smbhome
    path = /var/mirror
    read only = No
	writeable = yes
	public = yes
	browsable = yes

全局配置：

1. workgroup = YOURGROUP 你的工作组
2. security = user 安全级别，user时访问需要输入用户名和密码
3. passdb backend = smbpasswd 使用密码
4. 其他默认

其他打印机配置和home共享没用，直接注释掉。

共享配置：

1. path 是共享的目录
2. read only 只读设置false
3. writeable = yes 允许写如
4. browsable = yes 可以浏览
5. comment 注释
6. share 远程访问的路径

可以使用工具校验配置是否正确

$ testparm -t /etc/samba/smb.conf
Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf
Loaded services file OK.
Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE

Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions

# Global parameters
[global]
	passdb backend = smbpasswd
	printcap name = cups
	security = USER
	workgroup = TENCENT
	idmap config * : backend = tdb
	cups options = raw


[share]
	comment = Smbhome
	guest ok = Yes
	path = /var/mirror
	read only = No

5. 防火墙

linux默认开启防火墙并且不允许smb访问，需要开启

#临时关闭，重启系统会恢复
sudo setenforce 0
#允许samba访问
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=samba
# 重载入防火墙
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

6.启动samba

#启动服务
sudo service smb start
#查看服务状态
sudo service smb status
#开机启动
sudo systemctl enable smb

output

Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status smb.service
● smb.service - Samba SMB Daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/smb.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2021-12-09 21:46:48 HKT; 7min ago
     Docs: man:smbd(8)
           man:samba(7)
           man:smb.conf(5)
 Main PID: 17114 (smbd)
   Status: "smbd: ready to serve connections..."
    Tasks: 5
   Memory: 5.0M
   CGroup: /system.slice/smb.service
           ├─17114 /usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
           ├─17116 /usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
           ├─17117 /usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
           ├─17119 /usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
           └─17132 /usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group

Dec 09 21:46:47 192.168.1.5 systemd[1]: Starting Samba SMB Daemon...
Dec 09 21:46:48 192.168.1.5 smbd[17114]: [2021/12/09 21:46:48.072968,  0] ../../lib/util/become_daemon.c...ady)
Dec 09 21:46:48 192.168.1.5 smbd[17114]:   daemon_ready: daemon 'smbd' finished starting up and ready to...ions
Dec 09 21:46:48 192.168.1.5 systemd[1]: Started Samba SMB Daemon.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

7. 本地测试

$ sudo smbclient  //localhost/share -U samba
Enter TENCENT\samba's password: 
Try "help" to get a list of possible commands.
smb: \> ls
  .                                   D        0  Thu Dec  9 22:11:04 2021
  ..                                  D        0  Thu Dec  9 22:07:04 2021

测试成功，如果报错
smb: > ls
NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED listing *
则目录没有是访问权限，增加权限

8. windows7访问

CentOS7执行ifconfig 查看网卡的本地IP : 192.168.1.8
随便打开一个目录，然后在最上层的地址栏里输入:\\192.168.1.8\share，等待片刻会弹出对话框让输入用户和密码，然后就打开了共享目录。
如果提示无访问权限，修改Centos共享目录权限即可。

9. 一定要在同一个WIFI下！！！