1.linux IIC驱动
- 由于裸机的驱动迎合驱动的分离和分层的思想,分为IIC主机驱动(接口驱动)和IIC设备驱动.
这种思想的好处,请看我写的另外一篇文章Linux驱动的分离和分层。 其中上面说的裸机驱动请看这篇文章裸机驱动 - 但是裸机的驱动是没有加入操作系统的
- 本文也是遵循Linux驱动的分离和分层的思想,因此linux内核把IIC驱动分为两个部分IIC总线驱动和IIC设备驱动
- 总线驱动:SOC的IIC控制器驱动,也叫做IIC适配器驱动
- 设备驱动:IIC设备驱动就是针对具体的IIC设备而编写的驱动
1.1 I2C总线驱动
- 首先来看一下 I2C 总线,在讲 platform 的时候就说过,platform 是虚拟出来的一条总线,目的是为了实现总线、设备、驱动框架。想了解platform的知识,请看我这篇文章platform平台模型简述以及这篇文章platform总线
- I2C 总线驱动重点是 I2C 适配器(也就是 SOC 的 I2C 接口控制器)驱动
- I2C 总线驱动,或者说 I2C 适配器驱动的主要工作流程:
- 初始化 i2c_adapter 结构体变量,
- 然后设置i2c_algorithm中的master_xfer函数。
- 完成以后通过i2c_add_numbered_adapter或 i2c_add_adapter这两个函数向系统注册设置好的 i2c_adapter
struct i2c_adapter {
struct module *owner;
unsigned int class;
const struct i2c_algorithm *algo;
void *algo_data;
struct rt_mutex bus_lock;
int timeout;
int retries;
struct device dev;
int nr;
char name[48];
struct completion dev_released;
struct mutex userspace_clients_lock;
struct list_head userspace_clients;
struct i2c_bus_recovery_info *bus_recovery_info;
const struct i2c_adapter_quirks *quirks;
};
int i2c_add_adapter(struct i2c_adapter *adapter)
int i2c_add_numbered_adapter(struct i2c_adapter *adap)
void i2c_del_adapter(struct i2c_adapter * adap)
- 一般SOC的I2C 总线驱动都是由半导体厂商编写的。因此I2C 总线驱动对我们这些SOC 使用者来说是被屏蔽掉的,我们只要专注于 I2C设备驱动即可
1.2 I2C设备驱动
- 上面已经说了ic_adapter了,还剩下还剩下设备和驱动,i2c_client就是描述设备信息的,i2c_driver描述驱动内容,类似于 platform_driver。
i2c_client结构体
struct i2c_client {
unsigned short flags;
unsigned short addr;
......
char name[I2C_NAME_SIZE];
struct i2c_adapter *adapter;
struct device dev;
int irq;
struct list_head detected;
..
};
i2c_driver结构体
struct i2c_driver {
unsigned int class;
int (*attach_adapter)(struct i2c_adapter *) __deprecated;
int (*probe)(struct i2c_client *, const struct i2c_device_id *);
int (*remove)(struct i2c_client *);
void (*shutdown)(struct i2c_client *);
void (*alert)(struct i2c_client *, unsigned int data);
int (*command)(struct i2c_client *client, unsigned int cmd,
void *arg);
struct device_driver driver;
const struct i2c_device_id *id_table;
int (*detect)(struct i2c_client *, struct i2c_board_info *);
const unsigned short *address_list;
struct list_head clients;
};
- 有了上面的结构体,我们的目的就是1.构建2c_driver,2.向Linux内核注册这个i2c_driver
int i2c_register_driver(struct module *owner, struct i2c_driver *driver)
void i2c_del_driver(struct i2c_driver *driver)
static int xxx_probe(struct i2c_client *client,
const struct i2c_device_id *id)
{
return 0;
}
static int xxx_remove(struct i2c_client *client)
{
return 0;
}
static const struct i2c_device_id xxx_id[] = {
{"xxx", 0},
{}
};
static const struct of_device_id xxx_of_match[] = {
{ .compatible = "xxx" },
{ }
};
static struct i2c_driver xxx_driver = {
.probe = xxx_probe,
.remove = xxx_remove,
.driver = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.name = "xxx",
.of_match_table = xxx_of_match,
},
.id_table = xxx_id,
};
static int __init xxx_init(void)
{
int ret = 0;
ret = i2c_add_driver(&xxx_driver);
return ret;
}
static void __exit xxx_exit(void)
{
i2c_del_driver(&xxx_driver);
}
module_init(xxx_init);
module_exit(xxx_exit);
2. 具体应用
- 上面bb了那么多,就是要说相比裸机驱动,由于Linux内核的介入,提供了很多供我们使用后的API,大大提高了效率和稳定性。
- 我们实际中,使用platfom驱动框架开开发I2C驱动。涉及到驱动、总线、设备模型。但是经过上面巴拉巴拉。我们只需要编写platform_driver.
- 这里要注意:设备信息从设备驱动中剥离开来。还是那句话”驱动的分离和分层思想“,这样涉及到是否使用到设备树(设备树给我们提供了方便,当然要用啦!)
2.1 设备信息描述
未使用设备树的时候
- 在未使用设备树的时候需要在 BSP 里面使用 i2c_board_info 结构体来描述一个具体的I2C 设备
struct i2c_board_info {
char type[I2C_NAME_SIZE];
unsigned short flags;
unsigned short addr;
void *platform_data;
struct dev_archdata *archdata;
struct device_node *of_node;
struct fwnode_handle *fwnode;
int irq;
};
- 在Linux 源码里面全局搜索i2c_board_info,你会找到大量以i2c_board_info 定义的I2C 设备信息,这些就是未使用设备树的时候I2C设备的描述方式,当采用了设备树以后就不会再使用i2c_board_info 来描述I2C 设备了
使用设备树的时候
- 使用设备树的时候 I2C 设备信息通过创建相应的节点就行了
- 打开 imx6ull-14x14-evk.dts 这个设备树文件
&i2c1 {
clock-frequency = <100000>;
pinctrl-names = "default";
pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_i2c1>;
status = "okay";
mag3110@0e {
compatible = "fsl,mag3110";
reg = <0x0e>;
position = <2>;
};
....
};
2.2 实例
- 此例子我们呢使用带有设备树描述设备信息的方式来编写platform_driver
修改设备树
- 1.修改 IO,AP3216C 用到了 I2C1 接口,打开imx6ull-alientek-emmc.dts文件
pinctrl_i2c1: i2c1grp {
fsl,pins = <
MX6UL_PAD_UART4_TX_DATA__I2C1_SCL 0x4001b8b0
MX6UL_PAD_UART4_RX_DATA__I2C1_SDA 0x4001b8b0
>;
};
- 2.AP3216C 是连接到 I2C1上的,因此需要在 i2c1节点下添加ap3216c的设备子节点,在imx6ull-alientek-emmc.dts文件中找到i2c1节点
&i2c1 {
clock-frequency = <100000>;
pinctrl-names = "default";
pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_i2c1>;
status = "okay";
ap3216c@1e {
compatible = "alientek,ap3216c";
reg = <0x1e>;
};
};
- 3.设备树修改完成以后使用“make dtbs”重新编译一下,然后使用新的设备树启动Linux内核。/sys/bus/i2c/devices 目录下存放着所有 I2C 设备,如果设备树修改正确的话,会在/sys/bus/i2c/devices目录下看到一个名为“0-001e”的子目录。说明修改成功
AP3216C驱动编写
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/ide.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
#include <linux/semaphore.h>
#include <linux/timer.h>
#include <linux/i2c.h>
#include <asm/mach/map.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include "ap3216creg.h"
#define AP3216C_CNT 1
#define AP3216C_NAME "ap3216c"
struct ap3216c_dev {
dev_t devid;
struct cdev cdev;
struct class *class;
struct device *device;
struct device_node *nd;
int major;
void *private_data;
unsigned short ir, als, ps;
};
static struct ap3216c_dev ap3216cdev;
static int ap3216c_read_regs(struct ap3216c_dev *dev, u8 reg, void *val, int len)
{
int ret;
struct i2c_msg msg[2];
struct i2c_client *client = (struct i2c_client *)dev->private_data;
msg[0].addr = client->addr;
msg[0].flags = 0;
msg[0].buf = ®
msg[0].len = 1;
msg[1].addr = client->addr;
msg[1].flags = I2C_M_RD;
msg[1].buf = val;
msg[1].len = len;
ret = i2c_transfer(client->adapter, msg, 2);
if(ret == 2) {
ret = 0;
} else {
printk("i2c rd failed=%d reg=%06x len=%d\n",ret, reg, len);
ret = -EREMOTEIO;
}
return ret;
}
static s32 ap3216c_write_regs(struct ap3216c_dev *dev, u8 reg, u8 *buf, u8 len)
{
u8 b[256];
struct i2c_msg msg;
struct i2c_client *client = (struct i2c_client *)dev->private_data;
b[0] = reg;
memcpy(&b[1],buf,len);
msg.addr = client->addr;
msg.flags = 0;
msg.buf = b;
msg.len = len + 1;
return i2c_transfer(client->adapter, &msg, 1);
}
static unsigned char ap3216c_read_reg(struct ap3216c_dev *dev, u8 reg)
{
u8 data = 0;
ap3216c_read_regs(dev, reg, &data, 1);
return data;
#if 0
struct i2c_client *client = (struct i2c_client *)dev->private_data;
return i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client, reg);
#endif
}
static void ap3216c_write_reg(struct ap3216c_dev *dev, u8 reg, u8 data)
{
u8 buf = 0;
buf = data;
ap3216c_write_regs(dev, reg, &buf, 1);
}
void ap3216c_readdata(struct ap3216c_dev *dev)
{
unsigned char i =0;
unsigned char buf[6];
for(i = 0; i < 6; i++)
{
buf[i] = ap3216c_read_reg(dev, AP3216C_IRDATALOW + i);
}
if(buf[0] & 0X80)
dev->ir = 0;
else
dev->ir = ((unsigned short)buf[1] << 2) | (buf[0] & 0X03);
dev->als = ((unsigned short)buf[3] << 8) | buf[2];
if(buf[4] & 0x40)
dev->ps = 0;
else
dev->ps = ((unsigned short)(buf[5] & 0X3F) << 4) | (buf[4] & 0X0F);
}
static int ap3216c_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
filp->private_data = &ap3216cdev;
ap3216c_write_reg(&ap3216cdev, AP3216C_SYSTEMCONG, 0x04);
mdelay(50);
ap3216c_write_reg(&ap3216cdev, AP3216C_SYSTEMCONG, 0X03);
return 0;
}
static ssize_t ap3216c_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t cnt, loff_t *off)
{
short data[3];
long err = 0;
struct ap3216c_dev *dev = (struct ap3216c_dev *)filp->private_data;
ap3216c_readdata(dev);
data[0] = dev->ir;
data[1] = dev->als;
data[2] = dev->ps;
err = copy_to_user(buf, data, sizeof(data));
return 0;
}
static int ap3216c_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
return 0;
}
static const struct file_operations ap3216c_ops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = ap3216c_open,
.read = ap3216c_read,
.release = ap3216c_release,
};
static int ap3216c_probe(struct i2c_client *client, const struct i2c_device_id *id)
{
if (ap3216cdev.major) {
ap3216cdev.devid = MKDEV(ap3216cdev.major, 0);
register_chrdev_region(ap3216cdev.devid, AP3216C_CNT, AP3216C_NAME);
} else {
alloc_chrdev_region(&ap3216cdev.devid, 0, AP3216C_CNT, AP3216C_NAME);
ap3216cdev.major = MAJOR(ap3216cdev.devid);
}
cdev_init(&ap3216cdev.cdev, &ap3216c_ops);
cdev_add(&ap3216cdev.cdev, ap3216cdev.devid, AP3216C_CNT);
ap3216cdev.class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, AP3216C_NAME);
if (IS_ERR(ap3216cdev.class)) {
return PTR_ERR(ap3216cdev.class);
}
ap3216cdev.device = device_create(ap3216cdev.class, NULL, ap3216cdev.devid, NULL, AP3216C_NAME);
if (IS_ERR(ap3216cdev.device)) {
return PTR_ERR(ap3216cdev.device);
}
ap3216cdev.private_data = client;
return 0;
}
static int ap3216c_remove(struct i2c_client *client)
{
cdev_del(&ap3216cdev.cdev);
unregister_chrdev_region(ap3216cdev.devid, AP3216C_CNT);
device_destroy(ap3216cdev.class, ap3216cdev.devid);
class_destroy(ap3216cdev.class);
return 0;
}
static const struct i2c_device_id ap3216c_id[] = {
{"alientek,ap3216c", 0},
{}
};
static const struct of_device_id ap3216c_of_match[] = {
{ .compatible = "alientek,ap3216c" },
{ }
};
static struct i2c_driver ap3216c_driver = {
.probe = ap3216c_probe,
.remove = ap3216c_remove,
.driver = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.name = "ap3216c",
.of_match_table = ap3216c_of_match,
},
.id_table = ap3216c_id,
};
static int __init ap3216c_init(void)
{
int ret = 0;
ret = i2c_add_driver(&ap3216c_driver);
return ret;
}
static void __exit ap3216c_exit(void)
{
i2c_del_driver(&ap3216c_driver);
}
module_init(ap3216c_init);
module_exit(ap3216c_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("zuozhongkai");
测试app编写
#include "stdio.h"
#include "unistd.h"
#include "sys/types.h"
#include "sys/stat.h"
#include "sys/ioctl.h"
#include "fcntl.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "string.h"
#include <poll.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int fd;
char *filename;
unsigned short databuf[3];
unsigned short ir, als, ps;
int ret = 0;
if (argc != 2) {
printf("Error Usage!\r\n");
return -1;
}
filename = argv[1];
fd = open(filename, O_RDWR);
if(fd < 0) {
printf("can't open file %s\r\n", filename);
return -1;
}
while (1) {
ret = read(fd, databuf, sizeof(databuf));
if(ret == 0) {
ir = databuf[0];
als = databuf[1];
ps = databuf[2];
printf("ir = %d, als = %d, ps = %d\r\n", ir, als, ps);
}
usleep(200000);
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}
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