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   -> 系统运维 -> prometheus+grafana+AlertManager部署 -> 正文阅读

[系统运维]prometheus+grafana+AlertManager部署

文章目录

一、二进制部署

1、部署prometheus

1、下载源码包

wget https://github.do/https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.33.4/prometheus-2.33.4.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar zxf prometheus-2.33.4.linux-amd64.tar.gz 
mv prometheus-2.33.4.linux-amd64 /usr/local/prometheus

2、创建prometheus用户及数据存放目录

useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin prometheus
mkdir -p /data/prometheus
chown -R prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/prometheus /data/prometheus

3、使用systemd来管理prometheus服务

# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
Environment="GOMAXPROCS=4"		# prometheus最多可以在4个线程上执行
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus \		# 配置存放目录
  --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml \			# 制定配置文件
  --storage.tsdb.path=/data/prometheus \		# 指定数据存储位置
  --storage.tsdb.retention=30d \			# 设置数据留存时间
  --web.console.libraries=/usr/local/prometheus/console_libraries \
  --web.console.templates=/usr/local/prometheus/consoles \
  --web.external-url=http://192.168.1.125:8848/prometheus \				# 指定访问url
  --web.route-prefix="/" \
  --web.listen-address=0.0.0.0:9090 \				# 设置服务监听端口
  --web.read-timeout=5m \
  --web.max-connections=10 \
  --query.max-concurrency=20 \
  --query.timeout=2m \
  --web.enable-lifecycle				# 启用配置文件热更新
PrivateTmp=true
PrivateDevices=true
ProtectHome=true
NoNewPrivileges=true
LimitNOFILE=infinity
ReadWriteDirectories=/data/prometheus
ProtectSystem=full

SyslogIdentifier=prometheus
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

4、启动prometheus

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable prometheus && systemctl start prometheus
netstat -lntp | grep prometheus
tcp6       0      0 :::9090                 :::*                    LISTEN      40632/prometheus

5、修改配置文件

# vim /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
        - targets: [ 'localhost:9093' ]
rule_files:
   - "/usr/local/prometheus/rules/*.yml"
scrape_configs:
  - job_name: "prometheus"
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["localhost:9090"]
  - job_name: cadvisor
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - 192.168.0.28:8080
  - job_name: 'nacos_exproter'
    metrics_path: '/nacos/actuator/prometheus'
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - 192.168.0.86:8888
  - job_name: 'rabbitmq'
    static_configs:
    - targets:
        - 192.168.0.20:15692
        - 192.168.0.20:15693
        - 192.168.0.20:15694
  - job_name: 'fastdfs'
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['192.168.0.176:9018']
  - job_name: 'nginx_VTS'
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['192.168.0.19:9913']
  - job_name: 'redis_exporter'
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - redis://192.168.0.155:6379
        - redis://192.168.0.155:6380
    metrics_path: /scrape
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 192.168.0.155:9121
  - job_name: 'blackbox_tcp'
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [tcp_connect]
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - 192.168.0.256:8888
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 127.0.0.1:9115
  - job_name: 'blackbox_http'
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [http_2xx]
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - http://192.168.1.10:110
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 127.0.0.1:9115
  - job_name: 'mysql_exproter'
    static_configs:
    - targets:
      - 192.168.0.118:9104

6、配置告警规则

cd /usr/local/prometheus/rules/
1、域名检测
vim blackbox_rules.yml
groups:
  - name: blackbox-exporter
    rules:
    - alert: DomainAccessDelayExceeds1s
      annotations:
        description:  域名：{{ $labels.instance }} 探测延迟大于 10 秒，当前延迟为：{{ $value }}
        summary: 域名探测，访问延迟超过 1 秒
      expr: sum(probe_http_duration_seconds{job=~"blackbox"}) by (instance) > 1
      for: 1m
      labels:
        severity: warning
        type: blackbox
2、端口检测
vim black.yml
groups:
- name: blackbox_network_stats
  rules:
  - alert: blackbox_network_stats
    expr: probe_success == 0
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: critical
    annotations:
      summary: "接口/主机/端口 {{ $labels.instance }}  无法联通"
      description: "请尽快检测"
3、容器状态检测
vim container_sys.yml
groups:
- name: Container_rules
  rules:
  - alert: ContainerKilled
    expr: time() - container_last_seen > 60
    for: 0m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: 容器挂啦 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "一个容器挂啦\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: ContainerAbsent
    expr: absent(container_last_seen)
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: 容器不存在 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "容器丢失5分钟\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: ContainerCpuUsage
    expr: (sum(rate(container_cpu_usage_seconds_total{name!=""}[3m])) BY (instance, name) * 100) > 80
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: 容器CPU使用率 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "容器CPU使用率超过80%\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: ContainerMemoryUsage
    expr: (sum(container_memory_working_set_bytes{name!=""}) BY (instance, name) / sum(container_spec_memory_limit_bytes > 0) BY (instance, name) * 100) > 80
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: 容器内存使用 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "容器内存使用率超过80%\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: ContainerVolumeUsage
    expr: (1 - (sum(container_fs_inodes_free{name!=""}) BY (instance) / sum(container_fs_inodes_total) BY (instance))) * 100 > 80
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: 容器卷利用率 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "容器卷使用率超过80%\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: ContainerVolumeIoUsage
    expr: (sum(container_fs_io_current{name!=""}) BY (instance, name) * 100) > 80
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: 容器卷IO使用情况 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "容器卷IO使用率超过80%\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: ContainerHighThrottleRate
    expr: rate(container_cpu_cfs_throttled_seconds_total[3m]) > 1
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: 容器繁忙 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "容器正在被杀死\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
4、主机状态检测
vim host_sys.yml
groups:
  - name: Host
    rules:
    - alert: HostMemory Usage
      expr: (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes - (node_memory_MemFree_bytes + node_memory_Buffers_bytes + node_memory_Cached_bytes)) / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes * 100 >  90
      for: 1m
      labels:
        name: Memory
        severity: Warning
      annotations:
        summary: " {{ $labels.appname }} "
        description: "宿主机内存使用率超过90%."
        value: "{{ $value }}"
    - alert: HostCPU Usage
      expr: sum(avg without (cpu)(irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode!='idle'}[5m]))) by (instance,appname) > 0.8
      for: 1m
      labels:
        name: CPU
        severity: Warning
      annotations:
        summary: " {{ $labels.appname }} "
        description: "宿主机CPU使用率超过80%."
        value: "{{ $value }}"
    - alert: HostLoad
      expr: node_load5 > 20
      for: 1m
      labels:
        name: Load
        severity: Warning
      annotations:
        summary: "{{ $labels.appname }} "
        description: " 主机负载5分钟超过20."
        value: "{{ $value }}"
    - alert: HostFilesystem Usage
      expr: (node_filesystem_size_bytes-node_filesystem_free_bytes)/node_filesystem_size_bytes*100>80
      for: 1m
      labels:
        name: Disk
        severity: Warning
      annotations:
        summary: " {{ $labels.appname }} "
        description: " 宿主机 [ {{ $labels.mountpoint }} ]分区使用超过80%."
        value: "{{ $value }}%"
    - alert: HostDiskio writes
      expr: irate(node_disk_writes_completed_total{job=~"Host"}[1m]) > 10
      for: 1m
      labels:
        name: Diskio
        severity: Warning
      annotations:
        summary: " {{ $labels.appname }} "
        description: " 宿主机 [{{ $labels.device }}]磁盘1分钟平均写入IO负载较高."
        value: "{{ $value }}iops"
    - alert: HostDiskio reads
      expr: irate(node_disk_reads_completed_total{job=~"Host"}[1m]) > 10
      for: 1m
      labels:
        name: Diskio
        severity: Warning
      annotations:
        summary: " {{ $labels.appname }} "
        description: " 宿机 [{{ $labels.device }}]磁盘1分钟平均读取IO负载较高."
        value: "{{ $value }}iops"
    - alert: HostNetwork_receive
      expr: irate(node_network_receive_bytes_total{device!~"lo|bond[0-9]|cbr[0-9]|veth.*|virbr.*|ovs-system"}[5m]) / 1048576  > 10
      for: 1m
      labels:
        name: Network_receive
        severity: Warning
      annotations:
        summary: " {{ $labels.appname }} "
        description: " 宿主机 [{{ $labels.device }}] 网卡5分钟平均接收流量超过10Mbps."
        value: "{{ $value }}3Mbps"
    - alert: hostNetwork_transmit
      expr: irate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total{device!~"lo|bond[0-9]|cbr[0-9]|veth.*|virbr.*|ovs-system"}[5m]) / 1048576  > 10
      for: 1m
      labels:
        name: Network_transmit
        severity: Warning
      annotations:
        summary: " {{ $labels.appname }} "
        description: " 宿主机 [{{ $labels.device }}] 网卡5分钟内平均发送流量超过10Mbps."
        value: "{{ $value }}3Mbps"
5、jenkins状态检测
vim jenkins.yml
groups:
- name: jenkins-监控告警
  rules:
  - alert: JenkinsOffline
    expr: jenkins_node_offline_value > 1
    for: 0m
    labels:
      severity: critical
    annotations:
      summary: Jenkins 离线 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "Jenkins 离线: `{{$labels.instance}}` in realm {{$labels.realm}}/{{$labels.env}} ({{$labels.region}})\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: JenkinsHealthcheck
    expr: jenkins_health_check_score < 1
    for: 0m
    labels:
      severity: critical
    annotations:
      summary: Jenkins 健康检查 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "Jenkins 健康检查 score: {{$value}}. Healthcheck failure for `{{$labels.instance}}` in realm {{$labels.realm}}/{{$labels.env}} ({{$labels.region}})\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: JenkinsBuildsHealthScore
    expr: default_jenkins_builds_health_score < 1
    for: 0m
    labels:
      severity: critical
    annotations:
      summary: Jenkins 构建健康评分 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "健康检查失败 `{{$labels.instance}}` in realm {{$labels.realm}}/{{$labels.env}} ({{$labels.region}})\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: JenkinsRunFailureTotal
    expr: delta(jenkins_runs_failure_total[1h]) > 100
    for: 0m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: Jenkins运行失败总数 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "作业运行失败: ({{$value}}) {{$labels.jenkins_job}}. Healthcheck failure for `{{$labels.instance}}` in realm {{$labels.realm}}/{{$labels.env}} ({{$labels.region}})\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: Jenkinsbuildtestsfailing
    expr: default_jenkins_builds_last_build_tests_failing > 0
    for: 0m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: Jenkins构建测试失败 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "上次生成测试失败: {{$labels.jenkins_job}}. Failed build Tests for job `{{$labels.jenkins_job}}` on {{$labels.instance}}/{{$labels.env}} ({{$labels.region}})\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: JenkinsLastBuildFailed
    expr: default_jenkins_builds_last_build_result_ordinal == 2
    for: 0m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: Jenkins 上次构建失败了 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "上次构建失败了: {{$labels.jenkins_job}}. Failed build for job `{{$labels.jenkins_job}}` on {{$labels.instance}}/{{$labels.env}} ({{$labels.region}})\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
6、MySQL状态检测
vim mysql_rules.yml
groups:
- name: MySQL-rules
  rules:
  - alert: MysqlDown
    expr: mysql_up == 0
    for: 0m
    labels:
      severity: critical
    annotations:
      summary: MySQL关闭 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "MySQL实例已关闭 {{ $labels.instance }}\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: MysqlTooManyConnections(>80%)
    expr: max_over_time(mysql_global_status_threads_connected[1m]) / mysql_global_variables_max_connections * 100 > 80
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: MySQL连接太多 (> 80%) (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "超过80%的MySQL连接在上使用 {{ $labels.instance }}\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: MysqlHighThreadsRunning
    expr: max_over_time(mysql_global_status_threads_running[1m]) / mysql_global_variables_max_connections * 100 > 60
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: MySQL高线程运行 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "超过60%的MySQL连接在上处于运行状态 {{ $labels.instance }}\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: MysqlSlaveIoThreadNotRunning
    expr: mysql_slave_status_master_server_id > 0 and ON (instance) mysql_slave_status_slave_io_running == 0
    for: 0m
    labels:
      severity: critical
    annotations:
      summary: MySQL从IO线程未运行 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "MySQL从IO线程未在运行 {{ $labels.instance }}\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: MysqlSlaveSqlThreadNotRunning
    expr: mysql_slave_status_master_server_id > 0 and ON (instance) mysql_slave_status_slave_sql_running == 0
    for: 0m
    labels:
      severity: critical
    annotations:
      summary: MySQL从属SQL线程未运行 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "MySQL从属SQL线程未在运行 {{ $labels.instance }}\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: MysqlSlaveReplicationLag
    expr: mysql_slave_status_master_server_id > 0 and ON (instance) (mysql_slave_status_seconds_behind_master - mysql_slave_status_sql_delay) > 30
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: critical
    annotations:
      summary: MySQL从机复制延迟 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "MySQL复制延迟 {{ $labels.instance }}\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: MysqlSlowQueries
    expr: increase(mysql_global_status_slow_queries[5m]) > 3
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: MySQL慢速查询 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "MySQL有一些新的慢速查询.\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: MysqlInnodbLogWaits
    expr: rate(mysql_global_status_innodb_log_waits[15m]) > 10
    for: 0m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: MySQL InnoDB日志等待 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "MySQL innodb日志写入暂停\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: MysqlRestarted
    expr: mysql_global_status_uptime < 60
    for: 0m
    labels:
      severity: info
    annotations:
      summary: MySQL重启 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "MySQL刚刚重新启动，不到一分钟前 {{ $labels.instance }}.\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
7、nacos检测
vim nacos.yml
groups:
- name: alters
  rules:
  - alert: Nacos Down
    expr: up{job="nacos"} == 0
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: emergency
      target: nacos
    annotations:
      description: "description"
      summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} 已停止运行超过 1 分钟！"
8、nginx状态检测
vim nginx_rules.yml
groups:
- name: NginxAlert # 规则组名称
  rules:
  - alert: ResponseTimeAlert      # 规则的名称
      # 告警阈值计算规则为响应时间大于1000ms并持续10s的发送告警
    expr: (nginx_upstream_responseMsec > 1000)
    for: 10s                      # 持续时间为10s
    labels:                       # 定义告警路由标签
      severity: critical
      service: nginx
    annotations:                # 告警信息
      summary: "Nginx响应大于1000ms"
      description: "Nginx {{ $labels.instance }}后端集群{{ $labels.upstream }} 中{{ $labels.backend }}的响应时间大于1000ms"

  - alert: NginxHighHttp4xxErrorRate
    expr: sum(rate(nginx_http_requests_total{status=~"^4.."}[1m])) / sum(rate(nginx_http_requests_total[1m])) * 100 > 5
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: critical
    annotations:
      summary: Nginx的HTTP 4xx错误率高 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "HTTP状态请求太多 4xx (> 5%)\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"

  - alert: NginxHighHttp5xxErrorRate
    expr: sum(rate(nginx_http_requests_total{status=~"^5.."}[1m])) / sum(rate(nginx_http_requests_total[1m])) * 100 > 5
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: critical
    annotations:
      summary: Nginx high HTTP 5xx error rate (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "HTTP状态请求太多 5xx (> 5%)\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"

  - alert: NginxLatencyHigh
    expr: histogram_quantile(0.99, sum(rate(nginx_http_request_duration_seconds_bucket[2m])) by (host, node)) > 3
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: Nginx latency high (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "Nginx p99延迟高于3秒\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
9、rabbitmq状态检测
vim rabbitmq_rules.yml
groups:
- name: RabbitmqNodeDown
  rules:
  - alert: RabbitmqNodeDown
    expr: sum(rabbitmq_build_info) < 3
    for: 0m
    labels:
      severity: critical
    annotations:
      summary: Rabbitmq节点关闭 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "RabbitMQ群集中运行的节点少于3个\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: RabbitmqNodeNotDistributed
    expr: erlang_vm_dist_node_state < 3
    for: 0m
    labels:
      severity: critical
    annotations:
      summary: Rabbitmq节点未分发 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "分配链路状态未“启动”'\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: RabbitmqInstancesDifferentVersions
    expr: count(count(rabbitmq_build_info) by (rabbitmq_version)) > 1
    for: 1h
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: 不同版本的Rabbitmq实例 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "在同一集群中运行不同版本的Rabbitmq可能会导致失败.\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: RabbitmqMemoryHigh
    expr: rabbitmq_process_resident_memory_bytes / rabbitmq_resident_memory_limit_bytes * 100 > 90
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: Rabbitmq内存高 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "一个节点使用超过90%的分配RAM\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: RabbitmqFileDescriptorsUsage
    expr: rabbitmq_process_open_fds / rabbitmq_process_max_fds * 100 > 90
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: Rabbitmq文件描述符的用法 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "一个节点使用超过90%的文件描述符\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: RabbitmqTooManyUnackMessages
    expr: sum(rabbitmq_queue_messages_unacked) BY (queue) > 1000
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: Rabbitmq未确认消息太多 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "太多未确认的消息\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: RabbitmqTooManyConnections
    expr: rabbitmq_connections > 1000
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: Rabbitmq连接太多 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "节点的总连接数太高\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: RabbitmqNoQueueConsumer
    expr: rabbitmq_queue_consumers < 1
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: Rabbitmq无队列使用者 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "一个队列的使用者少于1个\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: RabbitmqUnroutableMessages
    expr: increase(rabbitmq_channel_messages_unroutable_returned_total[1m]) > 0 or increase(rabbitmq_channel_messages_unroutable_dropped_total[1m]) > 0
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: Rabbitmq不可终止消息 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "队列中有无法发送的消息\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"
  - alert: Rabbitmq-down
    expr: rabbitmq_up{job='RabbitMQ'} != 1
    labels:
      status: High
      team: Rabbitmq_monitor
    annotations:
      description: "Instance: {{ $labels.instance }} is Down ! ! !"
      value: '{{ $value }}'
      summary:  "主机节点已关闭"
  - alert: Rabbitmq disk free limit   status
    expr: rabbitmq_node_disk_free{job='RabbitMQ'} / 1024 / 1024  <= rabbitmq_node_disk_free_limit{job='RabbitMQ'} / 1024 / 1024 + 200
    labels:
      status: High
      team: Rabbitmq_monitor
    annotations:
      description: "Instance: {{ $labels.instance }} Rabbitmq可用磁盘的容量过低 ! ! !"
      value: '{{ $value }} MB'
      summary:  "Rabbitmq空闲磁盘太低"
10、redis状态检测
vim redis_down.yml
groups:
- name:  redisdown
  rules:
    - alert: RedisDown
      expr: redis_up == 0
      for: 5m
      labels:
        name: instance
        severity: Critical
      annotations:
        summary: " {{ $labels.alias }}"
        description: " 服务停止运行 "
        value: "{{ $value }}"
    - alert: Redis linked too many clients
      expr: redis_connected_clients / redis_config_maxclients * 100 > 80
      for: 1m
      labels:
        name: instance
        severity: Warning
      annotations:
        summary: " {{ $labels.alias }}"
        description: " Redis连接数超过最大连接数的80%. "
        value: "{{ $value }}"
    - alert: MissingBackup
      expr: time() - redis_rdb_last_save_timestamp_seconds > 60 * 60 * 24
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: error
      annotations:
        summary: "Missing backup (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "Redis已经24小时没有备份了\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: OutOfMemory
      expr: redis_memory_used_bytes / redis_total_system_memory_bytes * 100 > 90
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: "Out of memory (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "Redis内存不足 (> 90%)\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: ReplicationBroken
      expr: delta(redis_connected_slaves[1m]) < 0
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: error
      annotations:
        summary: "Replication broken (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "Redis实例丢失了一个从机\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: TooManyConnections
      expr: redis_connected_clients > 1000
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: "Too many connections (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "Redis实例的连接太多\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: NotEnoughConnections
      expr: redis_connected_clients < 5
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: "Not enough connections (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "Redis实例应该有更多的连接 (> 5)\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: RejectedConnections
      expr: increase(redis_rejected_connections_total[1m]) > 0
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: error
      annotations:
        summary: "Rejected connections (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "与Redis的某些连接已被拒绝\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
11、服务状态检测
vim service_down.yml
groups:
  - name: Process-exporter
    rules:
    - alert: ProcessDown
      expr: namedprocess_namegroup_num_procs  == 0
      for: 1m
      labels:
        name: instance
        severity: Critical
      annotations:
        summary: " {{ $labels.appname }}"
        description: " 进程停止运行 "
        value: "{{ $value }}"
    - alert: 实例存活告警
      expr: up == 0
      for: 1m
      labels:
        user: prometheus
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: "主机宕机 !!!"
        description: "该实例主机已经宕机超过一分钟了。"

7、检查配置文件是否正确

./promtool check config prometheus.yml

8、不重启重新加载配置文件

curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:9090/-/reload

2、部署grafana

1、下载grafana二进制包

wget https://github.do/https://github.com/grafana/grafana/archive/refs/tags/v8.4.4.tar.gz
tar -zxf v8.4.4.tar.gz
mv grafana-8.4.4  /usr/local/
ln -s /usr/local/grafana-8.4.4/ /usr/local/grafana

2、创建grafana用户及数据存放目录

useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M grafana
mkdir /data/grafana
chown -R grafana:grafana /usr/local/grafana/ 
chown -R grafana:grafana  /data/grafana/

3、修改配置文件

# vim /usr/local/grafana/conf/defaults.ini
data = /data/grafana/data
logs = /data/grafana/log
plugins = /data/grafana/plugins
provisioning = /data/grafana/conf/provisioning

4、使用systemd来管理grafana服务

# vim /etc/systemd/system/grafana-server.service
[Unit]
Description=Grafana
After=network.target

[Service]
User=grafana
Group=grafana
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/local/grafana/bin/grafana-server -homepath /usr/local/grafana
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

5、启动并设置开机自启

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start  grafana-server
systemctl status  grafana-server
systemctl enable  grafana-server

3、部署AlertManager

1、下载AlertManager二进制包

wget https://github.do/https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/releases/download/v0.23.0/alertmanager-0.23.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar zxf alertmanager-0.23.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/
mv alertmanager-0.23.0.linux-amd64/ alertmanager

2、使用systemd来管理AlertManager服务

# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/alertmanager.service
[Unit]
Description=alertmanager
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/local/alertmanager/alertmanager --config.file /usr/local/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml --storage.path=/var/lib/alertmanager
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

3、修改配置文件

# vim alertmanager.yml
global:
  resolve_timeout: 5m   #解析的超时时间
  http_config: {}
route:
  group_by: ['alertname']
  group_wait: 10s
  group_interval: 10s
  repeat_interval: 1h
  receiver: 'dingding.webhook1'
receivers:
- name: 'dingding.webhook1'
  webhook_configs:
  - send_resolved: true
    url: 'http://127.0.0.1:8060/dingtalk/webhook1/send'
inhibit_rules:
  - source_match:
      severity: 'critical'
    target_match:
      severity: 'warning'
    equal: ['alertname', 'dev', 'instance']
templates:
  - '/alertmanager/template/*.tmpl'

4、启动AlertManager

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable alertmanager
systemctl start alertmanager && systemctl status alertmanager

4、部署钉钉告警

1、下载二进制包

wget https://ghproxy.com/https://github.com/timonwong/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/releases/download/v2.0.0/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-2.0.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xf prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-2.0.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
ln -sv /usr/local/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-2.0.0.linux-amd64/ /usr/local/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk

2、修改配置文件

# vim /usr/local/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/config.yml
timeout: 5s
templates:
  - contrib/templates/legacy/template.tmpl

default_message:
  title: '{{ template "legacy.title" . }}'
  text: '{{ template "legacy.content" . }}'

targets:
  webhook1:
    url: https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
    # secret for signature
    secret: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx			# 加签
  webhook_mention_all:
    url: https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
    secret: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
    mention:
      all: true
  webhook_mention_users:
    url: https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
    mention:
      mobiles: ['139xxxxxxxx']

3、修改报警模板

# cd /usr/local/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk
# cd contrib/templates/legacy/
# vim template.tmpl 
{{ define "__subject" }}[{{ .Status | toUpper }}{{ if eq .Status "firing" }}:{{ .Alerts.Firing | len }}{{ end }}] {{ .GroupLabels.SortedPairs.Values | join " " }} {{ if gt (len .CommonLabels) (len .GroupLabels) }}({{ with .CommonLabels.Remove .GroupLabels.Names }}{{ .Values | join " " }}{{ end }}){{ end }}{{ end }}
{{ define "__alertmanagerURL" }}{{ .ExternalURL }}/#/alerts?receiver={{ .Receiver }}{{ end }}

{{ define "__text_alert_list" }}{{ range . }}
**Labels**
{{ range .Labels.SortedPairs }} - {{ .Name }}: {{ .Value | markdown | html }}
{{ end }}
**Annotations**
{{ range .Annotations.SortedPairs }} - {{ .Name }}: {{ .Value | markdown | html }}
{{ end }}
**Source:** [{{ .GeneratorURL }}]({{ .GeneratorURL }})
{{ end }}{{ end }}

{{ define "default.__text_alert_list" }}{{ range . }}
---
**告警级别:** {{ .Labels.severity | upper }}

**运营团队:** {{ .Labels.team | upper }}

**触发时间:** {{ dateInZone "2006.01.02 15:04:05" (.StartsAt) "Asia/Shanghai" }}

**事件信息:** 
{{ range .Annotations.SortedPairs }} - {{ .Name }}: {{ .Value | markdown | html }}

{{ end }}

**事件标签:**
{{ range .Labels.SortedPairs }}{{ if and (ne (.Name) "severity") (ne (.Name) "summary") (ne (.Name) "team") }} - {{ .Name }}: {{ .Value | markdown | html }}
{{ end }}{{ end }}
{{ end }}
{{ end }}
{{ define "default.__text_alertresovle_list" }}{{ range . }}
---
**告警级别:** {{ .Labels.severity | upper }}

**运营团队:** {{ .Labels.team | upper }}

**触发时间:** {{ dateInZone "2006.01.02 15:04:05" (.StartsAt) "Asia/Shanghai" }}

**结束时间:** {{ dateInZone "2006.01.02 15:04:05" (.EndsAt) "Asia/Shanghai" }}

**事件信息:**
{{ range .Annotations.SortedPairs }} - {{ .Name }}: {{ .Value | markdown | html }}

{{ end }}

**事件标签:**
{{ range .Labels.SortedPairs }}{{ if and (ne (.Name) "severity") (ne (.Name) "summary") (ne (.Name) "team") }} - {{ .Name }}: {{ .Value | markdown | html }}
{{ end }}{{ end }}
{{ end }}
{{ end }}

{{/* Default */}}
{{ define "default.title" }}{{ template "__subject" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "default.content" }}#### \[{{ .Status | toUpper }}{{ if eq .Status "firing" }}:{{ .Alerts.Firing | len }}{{ end }}\] **[{{ index .GroupLabels "alertname" }}]({{ template "__alertmanagerURL" . }})**
{{ if gt (len .Alerts.Firing) 0 -}}

{{ template "default.__text_alert_list" .Alerts.Firing }}

{{- end }}

{{ if gt (len .Alerts.Resolved) 0 -}}
{{ template "default.__text_alertresovle_list" .Alerts.Resolved }}

{{- end }}
{{- end }}

{{/* Legacy */}}
{{ define "legacy.title" }}{{ template "__subject" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "legacy.content" }}#### \[{{ .Status | toUpper }}{{ if eq .Status "firing" }}:{{ .Alerts.Firing | len }}{{ end }}\] **[{{ index .GroupLabels "alertname" }}]({{ template "__alertmanagerURL" . }})**
{{ template "__text_alert_list" .Alerts.Firing }}
{{- end }}

{{/* Following names for compatibility */}}
{{ define "ding.link.title" }}{{ template "default.title" . }}{{ end }}
{{ define "ding.link.content" }}{{ template "default.content" . }}{{ end }}

4、使用systemd来管理服务

# vim /lib/systemd/system/dingtalk.service
[Unit]
Descripton=dingtalk
Documentation=https://github.com/timonwong/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/
After=network.target

[Service]
Restart=on-failure
WorkingDirectory=/usr/local/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk
ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/config.yml

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

5、启动钉钉告警

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable dingtalk
systemctl start dingtalk && systemctl status dingtalk

二、docker-compose部署

version: "3.8"
networks:
    monitor:
        driver: bridge

services:
  node-exporter:
    image: prom/node-exporter
    container_name: node-exporter
    volumes:
      - /proc:/host/proc:ro
      - /sys:/host/sys:ro
      - /:/rootfs:ro
    command:
      - '--path.procfs=/host/proc'
      - '--path.rootfs=/rootfs'
      - '--path.sysfs=/host/sys'
      - '--collector.filesystem.ignored-mount-points=^/(sys|proc|dev|host|etc)($$|/)'
    restart: unless-stopped
    expose:
      - 9100
    networks:
      - monitor

  blackbox-exporter:
    image: prom/blackbox-exporter
    expose:
      - 9115
    container_name: blackbox
    restart: unless-stopped
    volumes:
      - "./blackbox/:/config"
    command:
      - "--config.file=/config/blackbox.yml"
    networks:
      - monitor

  cadvisor:
    image: google/cadvisor
    container_name: cadvisor
    volumes:
      - /:/rootfs:ro
      - /var/run:/var/run:rw
      - /sys:/sys:ro
      - /var/lib/docker:/var/lib/docker:ro
    restart: unless-stopped
    expose:
      - 8080
    networks:
      - monitor
    depends_on:
      - prometheus

  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus
    container_name: prom
    restart: always
    ports:
      - "9090:9090"
    volumes:
      - /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
      - /data/prometheus/data:/prometheus
    command: 
      - "--storage.tsdb.retention.time=60d"
      - "--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
      - "--web.enable-lifecycle"    
    networks:
      - monitor
    depends_on:
      - blackbox-exporter
      - node-exporter

  alertmanager:
    image: prom/alertmanager
    restart: always
    container_name: alert
    volumes:
      - /etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml:/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml     
    ports:
      - "9093:9093"
    networks:
      - monitor
    depends_on:
      - prometheus

  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana
    restart: always
    container_name: grafana
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment:
      - "GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=admin"
      - "GF_RENDERING_SERVER_URL=http://renderer:8081/render"
      - "GF_RENDERING_CALLBACK_URL=http://grafana:3000/"
      - "GF_LOG_FILTERS=rendering:debug"
    volumes:  
      - /data/grafana/:/grafana
      - /data/grafana/data/:/var/lib/grafana
    networks:
      - monitor
    depends_on:
      - prometheus
      - renderer

  renderer:
    image: grafana/grafana-image-renderer:latest
    container_name: renderer
    ports:
      - "8081:8081"
    environment:
      - "ENABLE_METRICS=true"
      - "RENDERING_MODE=clustered"
      - "RENDERING_CLUSTERING_MODE=context"
      - "RENDERING_CLUSTERING_MAX_CONCURRENCY=5"
    networks:
      - monitor
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