概念介绍
IPMI（Intelligent Platform Management Interface）智能平台管理接口 是一种开放标准的硬件管理接口规格，定义了嵌入式管理子系统进行通信的特定方法。IPMI亦是一个开放的免费标准，用户无需支付额外的费用即可使用此标准。
IPMI 能够横跨不同的操作系统、固件和硬件平台，可以智能的监视、控制和自动回报大量服务器的运作状况，以降低服务器系统成本。
PMI的核心是一个专用芯片/控制器 —— BMC，其并不依赖于服务器的处理器、BIOS或操作系统来工作，可谓非常地独立。
在工作时，所有的IPMI功能都是向BMC发送命令来完成的，BMC接收并在系统事件日志中记录事件消息，维护描述系统中传感器情况的传感器数据记录。
最简单的话理解，就是BMC是独立于整个系统之外的一个设备，它不依赖于运行的系统，就好像一个外挂模块，有自己的网络，并且断电都不会影响它。它可以从外部管理服务器。
作用
远程控制台：
远程调整BIOS；
远程安装操作系统；
服务器强制断电重启
在遥远的地方，我们不需要去机房，直接通过ipmi的命令工具即可进行对服务器电源的操作 —— 这个操作是独立于操作系统的，硬件实现，因此比较稳定可靠。
远程获取服务器硬件信息
在Linux环境下我们可以通过 ipmi的命令行工具，来进行服务器硬件的获取：例如：风扇的转速，机箱温度，硬件日志，电压，BIOS版本号，RAID卡 fireware版本号，机箱上次打开的时间，服务标签等等。
测试方法
本地测试 CentOS8.4
yum install OpenIPMI OpenIPMI-tools
chkconfig ipmi on
service ipmi start
modprobe ipmi_watchdog
modprobe ipmi_poweroff
modprobe ipmi_devintf
modprobe ipmi_si
modprobe ipmi_msghandler
然后就可以用ipmitool命令了
[root@localhost ~]# ipmitool
No command provided!
Commands:
raw Send a RAW IPMI request and print response
i2c Send an I2C Master Write-Read command and print response
spd Print SPD info from remote I2C device
lan Configure LAN Channels
chassis Get chassis status and set power state
power Shortcut to chassis power commands
event Send pre-defined events to MC
mc Management Controller status and global enables
sdr Print Sensor Data Repository entries and readings
sensor Print detailed sensor information
fru Print built-in FRU and scan SDR for FRU locators
gendev Read/Write Device associated with Generic Device locators sdr
sel Print System Event Log (SEL)
pef Configure Platform Event Filtering (PEF)
sol Configure and connect IPMIv2.0 Serial-over-LAN
tsol Configure and connect with Tyan IPMIv1.5 Serial-over-LAN
isol Configure IPMIv1.5 Serial-over-LAN
user Configure Management Controller users
channel Configure Management Controller channels
session Print session information
dcmi Data Center Management Interface
nm Node Manager Interface
sunoem OEM Commands for Sun servers
kontronoem OEM Commands for Kontron devices
picmg Run a PICMG/ATCA extended cmd
fwum Update IPMC using Kontron OEM Firmware Update Manager
firewall Configure Firmware Firewall
delloem OEM Commands for Dell systems
shell Launch interactive IPMI shell
exec Run list of commands from file
set Set runtime variable for shell and exec
hpm Update HPM components using PICMG HPM.1 file
ekanalyzer run FRU-Ekeying analyzer using FRU files
ime Update Intel Manageability Engine Firmware
vita Run a VITA 46.11 extended cmd
lan6 Configure IPv6 LAN Channels
例子
[root@localhost ~]# ipmitool -I open power status
Chassis Power is on
远程测试方法
首先需要配置IPMI的IP地址
ipmitool lan set 1 ipsrc static
ipmitool lan set 1 ipaddress 192.168.1.239
ipmitool lan set 1 netmask 255.255.255.0
ipmitool lan set 1 defgw ipaddr 192.168.1.1
ipmitool lan print 1
[root@localhost home]# ipmitool lan print 1
Set in Progress : Set Complete
Auth Type Support : MD5
Auth Type Enable : Callback : MD5
: User : MD5
: Operator : MD5
: Admin : MD5
: OEM : MD5
IP Address Source : Static Address
IP Address : 192.168.1.239
Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0
MAC Address : b4:05:5d:a2:8f:00
SNMP Community String : AMI
IP Header : TTL=0x40 Flags=0x40 Precedence=0x00 TOS=0x10
BMC ARP Control : ARP Responses Enabled, Gratuitous ARP Disabled
Gratituous ARP Intrvl : 0.0 seconds
Default Gateway IP : 192.168.1.1
Default Gateway MAC : 68:ed:a4:3b:94:e1
Backup Gateway IP : 0.0.0.0
Backup Gateway MAC : 00:00:00:00:00:00
802.1q VLAN ID : Disabled
802.1q VLAN Priority : 0
RMCP+ Cipher Suites : 0,1,2,3,6,7,8,11,12,15,16,17
Cipher Suite Priv Max : caaaaaaaaaaaXXX
: X=Cipher Suite Unused
: c=CALLBACK
: u=USER
: o=OPERATOR
: a=ADMIN
: O=OEM
Bad Password Threshold : 3
Invalid password disable: no
Attempt Count Reset Int.: 200
User Lockout Interval : 300
然后增加用户2，名字为root
ipmitool user set name 2 root
ipmitool user set password 2 123456
ipmitool user priv 2 0x4 1
ipmitool user enable 2
[root@localhost home]# ipmitool user list 1
ID Name Callin Link Auth IPMI Msg Channel Priv Limit
1 admin true true true ADMINISTRATOR
2 root true true true ADMINISTRATOR
3 true false false NO ACCESS
4 true false false NO ACCESS
5 true false false NO ACCESS
6 true false false NO ACCESS
7 true false false NO ACCESS
8 true false false NO ACCESS
9 true false false NO ACCESS
10 true false false NO ACCESS
11 true false false NO ACCESS
12 true false false NO ACCESS
13 true false false NO ACCESS
14 true false false NO ACCESS
15 true false false NO ACCESS
16 true false false NO ACCESS
然后配置绑定到channle 1
ipmitool channel setaccess 1 2 callin=on
ipmitool channel setaccess 1 2 ipmi=on
ipmitool channel setaccess 1 2 link=on
ipmitool channel setaccess 1 2 privilege=4
然后在另一台机器上，安装好ipmitool工具。
[root@localhost ~]# ipmitool -I lanplus -H 192.168.1.239 -U root -P 123456 power status
Chassis Power is on
常用查看数据
这是常见的命令部分，完整命令需要后续的部分，每个部分都不一样，需要随用随学。
| 命令 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| raw | Send a RAW IPMI request and print response |
| i2c | Send an I2C Master Write-Read command and print response |
| spd | Print SPD info from remote I2C device |
| lan | Configure LAN Channels |
| chassis | Get chassis status and set power state |
| power | Shortcut to chassis power commands |
| event | Send pre-defined events to MC |
| mc | Management Controller status and global enables |
| sdr | Print Sensor Data Repository entries and readings |
| sensor | Print detailed sensor information |
| fru | Print built-in FRU and scan SDR for FRU locators |
| gendev | Read/Write Device associated with Generic Device locators sdr |
| sel | Print System Event Log (SEL) |
| pef | Configure Platform Event Filtering (PEF) |
| sol | Configure and connect IPMIv2.0 Serial-over-LAN |
| tsol | Configure and connect with Tyan IPMIv1.5 Serial-over-LAN |
| isol | Configure IPMIv1.5 Serial-over-LAN |
| user | Configure Management Controller users |
| channel | Configure Management Controller channels |
| session | Print session information |
| dcmi | Data Center Management Interface |
| nm | Node Manager Interface |
| sunoem | OEM Commands for Sun servers |
| kontronoem | OEM Commands for Kontron devices |
| picmg | Run a PICMG/ATCA extended cmd |
| fwum | Update IPMC using Kontron OEM Firmware Update Manager |
| firewall | Configure Firmware Firewall |
| delloem | OEM Commands for Dell systems |
| shell | Launch interactive IPMI shell |
| exec | Run list of commands from file |
| set | Set runtime variable for shell and exec |
| hpm | Update HPM components using PICMG HPM.1 file |
| ekanalyzer | run FRU-Ekeying analyzer using FRU files |
| ime | Update Intel Manageability Engine Firmware |
| vita | Run a VITA 46.11 extended cmd |
| lan6 | Configure IPv6 LAN Channels |
常用软件
可以在网上搜索IPMI View软件，进行学习。
