[系统运维]运维高级学习（五）MySQL数据库的备份与恢复；基于mysqldump、xtrabackup、mydumper备份与恢复；

MySQL备份恢复作业

数据库备份，数据库为school，素材如下

1.创建student和score表

CREATE  TABLE  student (
id  INT(10)  NOT NULL  UNIQUE  PRIMARY KEY  ,
name  VARCHAR(20)  NOT NULL ,
sex  VARCHAR(4)  ,
birth  YEAR,
department  VARCHAR(20) ,
address  VARCHAR(50) 
);

创建score表。SQL代码如下：

CREATE  TABLE  score (
id  INT(10)  NOT NULL  UNIQUE  PRIMARY KEY  AUTO_INCREMENT ,
stu_id  INT(10)  NOT NULL ,
c_name  VARCHAR(20) ,
grade  INT(10)
);

2.为student表和score表增加记录
向student表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');

向score表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);

3.备份数据库school到/backup目录 (此处备份数据库恢复需要先创建数据库)

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /backup	/需要先创建目录
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 school > /backup/s1.sql /备份需要的数据库
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# ll /backup/
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3300 May  4 06:17 s1.sql

4.备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式，能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B school > /backup/s2.sql --添加-B备份恢复默认创建数据库
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# ll /backup/s2.sql 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3443 May  4 06:26 /backup/s2.sql
[root@localhost ~]# cat /backup/s2.sql  | grep CREATE --查看备份信息可以看到备份默认创建库表；
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `school` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `score` (
CREATE TABLE `student` (

5.直接将MySQL数据库压缩备份

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B school | gzip > /backup/s3.sql.gz
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

6.备份MySQL数据库某个(些)表。此例备份student表

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456  school student > /backup/s4.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# ll /backup/s4.sql 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2380 May  5 07:07 /backup/s4.sql

7.同时备份多个MySQL数据库（其他数据库素材自行准备）

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B school db1 > /backup/s5.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

8.仅仅备份数据库结构

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -d school > /backup/s6.sql / -d 参数只负责表结构
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

9.备份服务器上所有数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -A -B > /backup/s7.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

10.还原MySQL数据库 ：还原数据库有两种方法

mysql> source /backup/s2.sql	/第一种方法

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db1                |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> source /backup/s2.sql
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db1                |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from school.score;
+----+--------+-----------+-------+
| id | stu_id | c_name    | grade |
+----+--------+-----------+-------+
|  1 |    901 | 计算机    |    98 |
|  2 |    901 | 英语      |    80 |
|  3 |    902 | 计算机    |    65 |
|  4 |    902 | 中文      |    88 |
|  5 |    903 | 中文      |    95 |
|  6 |    904 | 计算机    |    70 |
|  7 |    904 | 英语      |    92 |
|  8 |    905 | 英语      |    94 |
|  9 |    906 | 计算机    |    90 |
| 10 |    906 | 英语      |    85 |
+----+--------+-----------+-------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

第二种方法：

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 < /backup/s2.sql 

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db1                |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db1                |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

11.还原压缩的MySQL数据库

使用 zcat 加管道符连接

[root@localhost ~]# zcat /backup/s3.sql.gz | mysql -uroot -p123456 
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

12.使用xtrabackup 备份数据库

[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex -u root -p 123456 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --no-timestamp /backup/mysql/full

13.在另外的数据库服务器上还原xtrabackup 备份

#将备份目录传送给另一台数据库服务器
[root@localhost ~]# scp -r /backup/mysql/full/* 192.168.142.153:/backup/full

进行备份操作

[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex -u root -p 123456 --copy-back /backup/full/

14.使用mydumper备份数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mydumper -u root -p 123456 -S /tmp/mysql.sock -B school -o /backup/

15.使用mydumper恢复数据库

[root@localhost ~]# myloader -u root -p 123456 -S /tmp/mysql.sock -d /backup/ -o -B school

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