[系统运维]困于 WSL 的两个晚上

记录一下，没准以后换设备能用上。

首先去 $\text{Microsoft?Store}$ 里下载 $\mathrm{U}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}$ 和 $\text{Windows?Terminal}$ 。没有 $\text{Microsoft}$ 账号的，可以立刻注册，很快而且免费。然后去 启用或关闭 Windows 功能 内选中 Hyper-V 和 适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统。

运行 $\text{Ubuntu}$，无论哪个版本。它会自动安装。搞定之后我们就获得了 wsl.exe，可以用 cmd 或 powershell 或 win+R 运行之，都可以进入 “虚拟机” 的终端操作界面。本机会被挂载到路径 /mnt 下，内有 /c、/d 等就是本地磁盘。

记得更换软件源。这是国内 $\mathrm{U}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}$ 基本操作。比如清华源。然后你可以装 g++ 和 gdb 咯！

用 cmd 呼出 wsl 不太美观，所以才推荐下载 $\text{Windows?Terminal}$ 。不出意外它会自动装填两个配置文件（可用选项卡），图标分别是经典小企鹅，还有下载的 $\mathrm{U}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}$ 的图标。在设置里查看配置文件，其一的运行方案（即 命令行 子项）是 wsl.exe 另一个是 ubuntu*.exe 。保留前者。将其设为启动时默认配置文件（于左侧 启动 项中）。然后你就可以用鼠标右键菜单中 “在终端中打开”，直接用 “虚拟机” 进入本机文件夹了！

我很喜欢 $\text{noi?linux?2}$ 系统配色，所以我要使用配色方案 Tango Dark，去下载字体然后安装（选中所有文件后右键菜单内有 “安装” 选项），将字体调为 Ubuntu Mono 。而且 $\mathrm{v}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{m}$ 默认配色方案需设定为 ron 。对了，Tango Dark 背景颜色不太对，自己改成 #300A24 吧。

然后是光标的问题。用此文中所述方式，可以改变光标的形状（和闪烁）但是没法做到光标亮起时文字自动反色！这就导致方块型光标很影响文本可见性……我去查了 $\text{xterm}$ 的控制序列，按照 Change pointer foreground color 所述写了转义序列，却完全没有效果！是不支持，还是说 $\text{pointer?foreground}$ 非我所愿？可我查遍 foreground，唯一可能的就是这个了……

而且，上面的光标配置方案是永久的（退出 $\mathrm{v}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{m}$ 后仍起效）所以最好 autocmd 改回来。贴上完整的 vimrc 文件，记得它是在 /etc/vim 或 /usr/share/vim 内（二者完全相同，感觉类似软链接）：

" All system-wide defaults are set in $VIMRUNTIME/debian.vim and sourced by
" the call to :runtime you can find below.  If you wish to change any of those
" settings, you should do it in this file (/etc/vim/vimrc), since debian.vim
" will be overwritten everytime an upgrade of the vim packages is performed.
" It is recommended to make changes after sourcing debian.vim since it alters
" the value of the 'compatible' option.

runtime! debian.vim

" Vim will load $VIMRUNTIME/defaults.vim if the user does not have a vimrc.
" This happens after /etc/vim/vimrc(.local) are loaded, so it will override
" any settings in these files.
" If you don't want that to happen, uncomment the below line to prevent
" defaults.vim from being loaded.
" let g:skip_defaults_vim = 1

" Uncomment the next line to make Vim more Vi-compatible
" NOTE: debian.vim sets 'nocompatible'.  Setting 'compatible' changes numerous
" options, so any other options should be set AFTER setting 'compatible'.
"set compatible

" Vim5 and later versions support syntax highlighting. Uncommenting the next
" line enables syntax highlighting by default.
if has("syntax")
  syntax on
endif

" If using a dark background within the editing area and syntax highlighting
" turn on this option as well
"set background=dark

" Uncomment the following to have Vim jump to the last position when
" reopening a file
"au BufReadPost * if line("'\"") > 1 && line("'\"") <= line("$") | exe "normal! g'\"" | endif

" Uncomment the following to have Vim load indentation rules and plugins
" according to the detected filetype.
"filetype plugin indent on

" The following are commented out as they cause vim to behave a lot
" differently from regular Vi. They are highly recommended though.
"set showcmd		" Show (partial) command in status line.
"set showmatch		" Show matching brackets.
"set ignorecase		" Do case insensitive matching
"set smartcase		" Do smart case matching
"set incsearch		" Incremental search
"set autowrite		" Automatically save before commands like :next and :make
"set hidden		" Hide buffers when they are abandoned
"set mouse=a		" Enable mouse usage (all modes)

" set command for clipboard
vnoremap ;x :!/mnt/c/Windows/System32/clip.exe<CR>
vnoremap ;y :!/mnt/c/Windows/System32/clip.exe<CR>u
nnoremap ;p :read !/mnt/c/Windows/System32/paste.exe<CR>i<BS><ESC>l

" Source a global configuration file if available
if filereadable("/etc/vim/vimrc.local")
  source /etc/vim/vimrc.local
endif

function MatchCharacter(prev)
	if a:prev == '('
		return ')'
	elseif a:prev == '['
		return ']'
	elseif a:prev == '{'
		return '}'
	elseif (a:prev == '"') || (a:prev == "'")
		return a:prev
	else
		return "\<Nop>"
	endif
endfunction

inoremap ( ()<Left>
inoremap [ []<Left>
inoremap { {}<Left>
inoremap ' ''<Left>
inoremap " ""<Left>

inoremap <BS> <c-r>=AutoDelete()<CR>
function AutoDelete()
	let prev = getline('.')[col('.')-2]
	if getline('.')[col('.')-1] == MatchCharacter(prev)
		return "\<ESC>2s"
	else
		return "\<BS>"
	endif
endfunction

set showcmd
set number
set cindent
set autoindent
set tabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
set softtabstop=4
set noexpandtab
set mouse=a
set foldenable
set foldmethod=manual
set cc=80
colorscheme ron

nnoremap <F9> :!clear<CR><CR>:w<CR>:!g++ % -o %:r.exe -std=c++11 -O2 -Wall -Wconversion -Wshadow<CR>
nnoremap <F10> :!clear<CR><CR>:!time ./%:r.exe<CR>
nnoremap <C-b> :!clear<CR><CR>:w<CR>:!g++ % -o %:r.exe -std=c++11 -Wall -Wconversion -Wshadow -fsanitize=undefined -g<CR>

inoremap <CR> <c-r>=BraceAutoNewline()<CR>
function BraceAutoNewline()
	if getline('.')[col('.')-2] == '{' && getline('.')[col('.')-1] == '}'
		return "\<CR>\<ESC>O"
	else
		return "\<CR>"
	endif
endfunction

if &term =~ "xterm"
	let &t_SI = "\<ESC>[5 q"
	let &t_SR = "\<ESC>[5 q"
	let &t_EI = "\<ESC>[5 q"
endif

autocmd VimLeave * :!echo -ne "\033[1 q"

如果还有什么奇怪的东西那就是 clip.exe 和 paste.exe 。因为 wsl 没有 $\mathrm{g}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{t}$，最好能直接复制到系统剪贴板。可见此文，大体来说就是调用 $\text{Windows}$ 自带程序 clip.exe 来实现剪切。不自带 paste.exe，可以下载，也可以就用 Shift+Insert，因为 $\mathrm{L}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{x}$ 下这也是很好的选择。——不过我的笔记本没有小键盘……

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