Docker使用dockerfile&commit打包centos
常用命令
Docker 使用过程中有许多常用的命令，完整列表可以查看docker help
镜像操作
docker images # 查看镜像
docker rmi <镜像ID或名称> # 删除镜像
docker search <关键词> # 在镜像仓库中搜索
docker pull <镜像> # 从镜像仓库拉取镜像
docker save -o image.tar <镜像ID或名称> # 将镜像保存到文件
docker load -i image.tar # 从文件载入镜像
容器操作
docker ps # 查看运行的容器
docker ps -a # 查看所有的容器
docker restart <容器ID或名称> # 重启容器
docker stop <容器ID或名称> # 停止容器
docker start <容器ID或名称> # 启动停止的容器
docker rm <容器ID或名称> # 删除容器，必须先停止，使用 -f 参数强制删除
docker logs <容器ID或名称> # 查看容器的日志
docker exec <容器ID或名称> <命令> # 在容器中执行命令
docker exec -ti <容器ID或名称> bash # 典型的用法是登陆容器的 bash
docker top <容器ID或名称> # 查看容器的进程
docker inspect <容器ID或名称> # 查看容器的底层信息，如 IP 等
一、 安装运行centos镜像
1.拉取镜像
docker pull centos:7
2.查询镜像
docker images
3.运行镜像
docker run -it centos:7 /bin/bash
- -i:internel交互
- -t:terminal终端
- -d:daemon守护进程，后台运行
4.安装一些基础包
yum -y install wget gcc
5.退出容器
exit
6.查询docker的进程
docker ps -a
7.停止
docker stop 容器id
二、将本地文件复制到docker容器中
docker cp 本地文件路径 容器ID/容器NAME:容器内路径
举例：
docker cp /Users/wuhanxue/Downloads/rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange-3.9.0.ez ID:/opt/rabbitmq/plugins
或者通过容器名
docker cp /Users/wuhanxue/Downloads/rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange-3.9.0.ez ID:/opt/rabbitmq/plugins
三、编写dockerfile文件
FROM centos:7
#centos:7做基础镜像
MAINTAINER XHC<XHC>
#作者信息
ENV MYPATH /tmp
#指定容器运行时的环境变量
WORKDIR $MYPATH
#镜像的工作目录
RUN yum -y install vim
#运行指令（安装vim）
RUN yum -y install net-tools
#运行指令（安装 net-tools）
EXPOSE 80
#保留端口配置80 端口
CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "success---------ok"
CMD /bin/bash
打包成新的镜像文件
docker build -f dockerfile -t xhcentos:7 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048kB
Step 1/10 : FROM centos:7
---> eeb6ee3f44bd
Step 2/10 : MAINTAINER XHC<XHC>
---> Running in 415830efe82d
Removing intermediate container 415830efe82d
---> 8a5ab9458859
Step 3/10 : ENV MYPATH /tmp
---> Running in 33aece0b2f0f
Removing intermediate container 33aece0b2f0f
---> 532fcfd5fa96
Step 4/10 : WORKDIR $MYPATH
---> Running in 6933a9798b86
Removing intermediate container 6933a9798b86
---> 892b9b1892f8
Step 5/10 : RUN yum -y install vim
---> Running in b261a5704b35
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package vim-enhanced.x86_64 2:7.4.629-8.el7_9 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: vim-common = 2:7.4.629-8.el7_9 for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.629-8.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: which for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.629-8.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(:MODULE_COMPAT_5.16.3) for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.629-8.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libperl.so()(64bit) for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.629-8.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgpm.so.2()(64bit) for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.629-8.el7_9.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gpm-libs.x86_64 0:1.20.7-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl.x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Socket) >= 1.3 for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Scalar::Util) >= 1.10 for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl-macros for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(threads::shared) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(threads) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(constant) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Time::Local) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Time::HiRes) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Storable) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Socket) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Scalar::Util) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Simple::XHTML) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Simple::Search) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Getopt::Long) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Filter::Util::Call) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Temp) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Spec::Unix) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Spec::Functions) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Spec) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Path) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Exporter) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Cwd) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Carp) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64
---> Package perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9 will be installed
---> Package vim-common.x86_64 2:7.4.629-8.el7_9 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: vim-filesystem for package: 2:vim-common-7.4.629-8.el7_9.x86_64
---> Package which.x86_64 0:2.20-7.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Carp.noarch 0:1.26-244.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Exporter.noarch 0:5.68-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-File-Path.noarch 0:2.09-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-File-Temp.noarch 0:0.23.01-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Filter.x86_64 0:1.49-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Getopt-Long.noarch 0:2.40-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Usage) >= 1.14 for package: perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Text::ParseWords) for package: perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch
---> Package perl-PathTools.x86_64 0:3.40-5.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Pod-Simple.noarch 1:3.28-4.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Escapes) >= 1.04 for package: 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Encode) for package: 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch
---> Package perl-Scalar-List-Utils.x86_64 0:1.27-248.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Socket.x86_64 0:2.010-5.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Storable.x86_64 0:2.45-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Time-HiRes.x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Time-Local.noarch 0:1.2300-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-constant.noarch 0:1.27-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-macros.x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9 will be installed
---> Package perl-threads.x86_64 0:1.87-4.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-threads-shared.x86_64 0:1.43-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package vim-filesystem.x86_64 2:7.4.629-8.el7_9 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Encode.x86_64 0:2.51-7.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Pod-Escapes.noarch 1:1.04-299.el7_9 will be installed
---> Package perl-Pod-Usage.noarch 0:1.63-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Text) >= 3.15 for package: perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl-Pod-Perldoc for package: perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch
---> Package perl-Text-ParseWords.noarch 0:3.29-4.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Pod-Perldoc.noarch 0:3.20-4.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(parent) for package: perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(HTTP::Tiny) for package: perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: groff-base for package: perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch
---> Package perl-podlators.noarch 0:2.5.1-3.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package groff-base.x86_64 0:1.22.2-8.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-HTTP-Tiny.noarch 0:0.033-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-parent.noarch 1:0.225-244.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
vim-enhanced x86_64 2:7.4.629-8.el7_9 updates 1.1 M
Installing for dependencies:
gpm-libs x86_64 1.20.7-6.el7 base 32 k
groff-base x86_64 1.22.2-8.el7 base 942 k
perl x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9 updates 8.0 M
perl-Carp noarch 1.26-244.el7 base 19 k
perl-Encode x86_64 2.51-7.el7 base 1.5 M
perl-Exporter noarch 5.68-3.el7 base 28 k
perl-File-Path noarch 2.09-2.el7 base 26 k
perl-File-Temp noarch 0.23.01-3.el7 base 56 k
perl-Filter x86_64 1.49-3.el7 base 76 k
perl-Getopt-Long noarch 2.40-3.el7 base 56 k
perl-HTTP-Tiny noarch 0.033-3.el7 base 38 k
perl-PathTools x86_64 3.40-5.el7 base 82 k
perl-Pod-Escapes noarch 1:1.04-299.el7_9 updates 52 k
perl-Pod-Perldoc noarch 3.20-4.el7 base 87 k
perl-Pod-Simple noarch 1:3.28-4.el7 base 216 k
perl-Pod-Usage noarch 1.63-3.el7 base 27 k
perl-Scalar-List-Utils x86_64 1.27-248.el7 base 36 k
perl-Socket x86_64 2.010-5.el7 base 49 k
perl-Storable x86_64 2.45-3.el7 base 77 k
perl-Text-ParseWords noarch 3.29-4.el7 base 14 k
perl-Time-HiRes x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7 base 45 k
perl-Time-Local noarch 1.2300-2.el7 base 24 k
perl-constant noarch 1.27-2.el7 base 19 k
perl-libs x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9 updates 690 k
perl-macros x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9 updates 44 k
perl-parent noarch 1:0.225-244.el7 base 12 k
perl-podlators noarch 2.5.1-3.el7 base 112 k
perl-threads x86_64 1.87-4.el7 base 49 k
perl-threads-shared x86_64 1.43-6.el7 base 39 k
vim-common x86_64 2:7.4.629-8.el7_9 updates 5.9 M
vim-filesystem x86_64 2:7.4.629-8.el7_9 updates 11 k
which x86_64 2.20-7.el7 base 41 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+32 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 19 M
Installed size: 63 M
Downloading packages:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/gpm-libs-1.20.7-6.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Public key for gpm-libs-1.20.7-6.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
Public key for perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-299.el7_9.noarch.rpm is not installed
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 2.3 MB/s | 19 MB 00:08
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
Userid : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
Package : centos-release-7-9.2009.0.el7.centos.x86_64 (@CentOS)
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : gpm-libs-1.20.7-6.el7.x86_64 1/33
Installing : 2:vim-filesystem-7.4.629-8.el7_9.x86_64 2/33
Installing : 2:vim-common-7.4.629-8.el7_9.x86_64 3/33
Installing : which-2.20-7.el7.x86_64 4/33
install-info: No such file or directory for /usr/share/info/which.info.gz
Installing : groff-base-1.22.2-8.el7.x86_64 5/33
Installing : 1:perl-parent-0.225-244.el7.noarch 6/33
Installing : perl-HTTP-Tiny-0.033-3.el7.noarch 7/33
Installing : perl-podlators-2.5.1-3.el7.noarch 8/33
Installing : perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch 9/33
Installing : 1:perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-299.el7_9.noarch 10/33
Installing : perl-Encode-2.51-7.el7.x86_64 11/33
Installing : perl-Text-ParseWords-3.29-4.el7.noarch 12/33
Installing : perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch 13/33
Installing : 4:perl-macros-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 14/33
Installing : perl-Storable-2.45-3.el7.x86_64 15/33
Installing : perl-Exporter-5.68-3.el7.noarch 16/33
Installing : perl-constant-1.27-2.el7.noarch 17/33
Installing : perl-Socket-2.010-5.el7.x86_64 18/33
Installing : perl-Time-Local-1.2300-2.el7.noarch 19/33
Installing : perl-Carp-1.26-244.el7.noarch 20/33
Installing : perl-PathTools-3.40-5.el7.x86_64 21/33
Installing : perl-Scalar-List-Utils-1.27-248.el7.x86_64 22/33
Installing : 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch 23/33
Installing : perl-File-Temp-0.23.01-3.el7.noarch 24/33
Installing : perl-File-Path-2.09-2.el7.noarch 25/33
Installing : perl-threads-shared-1.43-6.el7.x86_64 26/33
Installing : perl-threads-1.87-4.el7.x86_64 27/33
Installing : 4:perl-Time-HiRes-1.9725-3.el7.x86_64 28/33
Installing : perl-Filter-1.49-3.el7.x86_64 29/33
Installing : 4:perl-libs-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 30/33
Installing : perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch 31/33
Installing : 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 32/33
Installing : 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.629-8.el7_9.x86_64 33/33
Verifying : perl-HTTP-Tiny-0.033-3.el7.noarch 1/33
Verifying : perl-threads-shared-1.43-6.el7.x86_64 2/33
Verifying : perl-Storable-2.45-3.el7.x86_64 3/33
Verifying : groff-base-1.22.2-8.el7.x86_64 4/33
Verifying : perl-Exporter-5.68-3.el7.noarch 5/33
Verifying : perl-constant-1.27-2.el7.noarch 6/33
Verifying : perl-PathTools-3.40-5.el7.x86_64 7/33
Verifying : 4:perl-macros-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 8/33
Verifying : 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.629-8.el7_9.x86_64 9/33
Verifying : 1:perl-parent-0.225-244.el7.noarch 10/33
Verifying : perl-Socket-2.010-5.el7.x86_64 11/33
Verifying : which-2.20-7.el7.x86_64 12/33
Verifying : 2:vim-filesystem-7.4.629-8.el7_9.x86_64 13/33
Verifying : perl-File-Temp-0.23.01-3.el7.noarch 14/33
Verifying : 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch 15/33
Verifying : perl-Time-Local-1.2300-2.el7.noarch 16/33
Verifying : 1:perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-299.el7_9.noarch 17/33
Verifying : perl-Carp-1.26-244.el7.noarch 18/33
Verifying : 2:vim-common-7.4.629-8.el7_9.x86_64 19/33
Verifying : perl-Scalar-List-Utils-1.27-248.el7.x86_64 20/33
Verifying : perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch 21/33
Verifying : perl-Encode-2.51-7.el7.x86_64 22/33
Verifying : perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch 23/33
Verifying : perl-podlators-2.5.1-3.el7.noarch 24/33
Verifying : 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 25/33
Verifying : perl-File-Path-2.09-2.el7.noarch 26/33
Verifying : perl-threads-1.87-4.el7.x86_64 27/33
Verifying : 4:perl-Time-HiRes-1.9725-3.el7.x86_64 28/33
Verifying : gpm-libs-1.20.7-6.el7.x86_64 29/33
Verifying : perl-Filter-1.49-3.el7.x86_64 30/33
Verifying : perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch 31/33
Verifying : perl-Text-ParseWords-3.29-4.el7.noarch 32/33
Verifying : 4:perl-libs-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 33/33
Installed:
vim-enhanced.x86_64 2:7.4.629-8.el7_9
Dependency Installed:
gpm-libs.x86_64 0:1.20.7-6.el7
groff-base.x86_64 0:1.22.2-8.el7
perl.x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9
perl-Carp.noarch 0:1.26-244.el7
perl-Encode.x86_64 0:2.51-7.el7
perl-Exporter.noarch 0:5.68-3.el7
perl-File-Path.noarch 0:2.09-2.el7
perl-File-Temp.noarch 0:0.23.01-3.el7
perl-Filter.x86_64 0:1.49-3.el7
perl-Getopt-Long.noarch 0:2.40-3.el7
perl-HTTP-Tiny.noarch 0:0.033-3.el7
perl-PathTools.x86_64 0:3.40-5.el7
perl-Pod-Escapes.noarch 1:1.04-299.el7_9
perl-Pod-Perldoc.noarch 0:3.20-4.el7
perl-Pod-Simple.noarch 1:3.28-4.el7
perl-Pod-Usage.noarch 0:1.63-3.el7
perl-Scalar-List-Utils.x86_64 0:1.27-248.el7
perl-Socket.x86_64 0:2.010-5.el7
perl-Storable.x86_64 0:2.45-3.el7
perl-Text-ParseWords.noarch 0:3.29-4.el7
perl-Time-HiRes.x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7
perl-Time-Local.noarch 0:1.2300-2.el7
perl-constant.noarch 0:1.27-2.el7
perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9
perl-macros.x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9
perl-parent.noarch 1:0.225-244.el7
perl-podlators.noarch 0:2.5.1-3.el7
perl-threads.x86_64 0:1.87-4.el7
perl-threads-shared.x86_64 0:1.43-6.el7
vim-common.x86_64 2:7.4.629-8.el7_9
vim-filesystem.x86_64 2:7.4.629-8.el7_9
which.x86_64 0:2.20-7.el7
Complete!
Removing intermediate container b261a5704b35
---> 3df6402a9280
Step 6/10 : RUN yum -y install net-tools
---> Running in 38988044c38d
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
net-tools x86_64 2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7 base 306 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 306 k
Installed size: 917 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7
Complete!
Removing intermediate container 38988044c38d
---> 169759d67d86
Step 7/10 : EXPOSE 80
---> Running in 5df1b0d1a77c
Removing intermediate container 5df1b0d1a77c
---> bb6f50331ff8
Step 8/10 : CMD echo $MYPATH
---> Running in 5a110ebe1220
Removing intermediate container 5a110ebe1220
---> aa35d85d35dd
Step 9/10 : CMD echo "success---------ok"
---> Running in 033beca66f92
Removing intermediate container 033beca66f92
---> 31234ca1b0e9
Step 10/10 : CMD /bin/bash
---> Running in ID
Removing intermediate container ID
---> e683032e31c7
Successfully built ID
Successfully tagged xhcentos:7
四、 使用commit打包镜像
docker commit :从容器创建一个新的镜像。
语法
docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
OPTIONS说明：
-a :提交的镜像作者；
-c :使用Dockerfile指令来创建镜像；
-m :提交时的说明文字；
-p :在commit时，将容器暂停。
docker exec -it ID /bin/bash
mkdir app
exit
docker cp ./FreeFileSync_11.20_Linux.tar.gz ID:/app
cd app/
tar -vxf FreeFileSync_11.20_Linux.tar.gz
exit
docker commit -a "xhc" ID xhcent:0.1
docker run -it xcentos:v1 /bin/bash
查看是否有之前保存的文件
ls
cd app
ll
