linux V4L2子系统——v4l2架构(5)之v4l2_device与v4l2_subdev异步机制
备注: ??1. Kernel版本:5.4 ??2. 使用工具:Source Insight 4.0 ??3. 参考博客: (1)Linux V4L2子系统分析(一) (2)linux v4l2 学习之-v4l2设备注册过程及各个设备之间的联系
概述
背景
在soc中的视频处理一般由多个ip组成,比如cis_dphy、mipi_cis、isp、sensor等,甚至更多的ip, 这样就导致了v4l2的复杂性。在v4l2中的视频数据流是有方向和顺序的,因此在linux中引入了异步注册机制。异步注册的核心在于设备树引入port接口,在子设备中有一个或多个port接口,port接口就是子设备的纽带。
用途
在异步模式下,子设备 probing 可以被独立地被调用以检查桥驱动是否可用,子设备驱动必须确认所有的 probing 请求是否成功,如果有任意一个请求条件没有满足,驱动就会返回 -EPROBE_DEFER 来继续下一次尝试,一旦所有的请求条件都被满足,子设备就需要调用 v4l2_async_register_subdev 函数来进行注册(用 v4l2_async_unregister_subdev 卸载)。桥驱动反过来得注册一个 notifier 对象(v4l2_async_notifier_register ),该函数的第二个参数类型是 v4l2_async_notifier 类型的结构体,里面包含有一个指向指针数组的指针成员,指针数组每一个成员都指向 v4l2_async_subdev 类型结构体。
v4l2 核心层会利用上述的异步子设备结构体描述符来进行子设备的匹配,过程如下:
-
- 如果成功匹配,
.bound() 回调函数将会被调用; -
- 当所有的子设备全部被加载完毕之后,
.complete() 回调函数就会被调用; -
- 子设备被移除的时候
.unbind() 函数就会被调用。
主要结构体介绍
1)匹配类型:
// 源码: include/media/v4l2-async.h
/**
* enum v4l2_async_match_type - type of asynchronous subdevice logic to be used
* in order to identify a match
*
* @V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_CUSTOM: Match will use the logic provided by &struct
* v4l2_async_subdev.match ops
* @V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_DEVNAME: Match will use the device name
* @V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_I2C: Match will check for I2C adapter ID and address
* @V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_FWNODE: Match will use firmware node
*
* This enum is used by the asyncrhronous sub-device logic to define the
* algorithm that will be used to match an asynchronous device.
*/
enum v4l2_async_match_type {
// 传统的匹配方式,使用v4l2_async_subdev的match方法进行匹配
V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_CUSTOM,
// 使用设备名称进行匹配
V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_DEVNAME,
// 使用I2C adapter ID and address进行匹配
V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_I2C,
// 使用firmware node 进行匹配
V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_FWNODE,
};
2)async桥——v4l2_async_subdev:
// 源码: include/media/v4l2-async.h
/**
* struct v4l2_async_subdev - sub-device descriptor, as known to a bridge
*
* @match_type: type of match that will be used
* @match: union of per-bus type matching data sets
* @match.fwnode:
* pointer to &struct fwnode_handle to be matched.
* Used if @match_type is %V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_FWNODE.
* @match.device_name:
* string containing the device name to be matched.
* Used if @match_type is %V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_DEVNAME.
* @match.i2c: embedded struct with I2C parameters to be matched.
* Both @match.i2c.adapter_id and @match.i2c.address
* should be matched.
* Used if @match_type is %V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_I2C.
* @match.i2c.adapter_id:
* I2C adapter ID to be matched.
* Used if @match_type is %V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_I2C.
* @match.i2c.address:
* I2C address to be matched.
* Used if @match_type is %V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_I2C.
* @match.custom:
* Driver-specific match criteria.
* Used if @match_type is %V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_CUSTOM.
* @match.custom.match:
* Driver-specific match function to be used if
* %V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_CUSTOM.
* @match.custom.priv:
* Driver-specific private struct with match parameters
* to be used if %V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_CUSTOM.
* @asd_list: used to add struct v4l2_async_subdev objects to the
* master notifier @asd_list
* @list: used to link struct v4l2_async_subdev objects, waiting to be
* probed, to a notifier->waiting list
*
* When this struct is used as a member in a driver specific struct,
* the driver specific struct shall contain the &struct
* v4l2_async_subdev as its first member.
*/
struct v4l2_async_subdev {
// 匹配方式
enum v4l2_async_match_type match_type;
union {
struct fwnode_handle *fwnode;
// 设备名称匹配方式
const char *device_name;
struct {
// 使用I2C adapter ID and address进行匹配
int adapter_id;
unsigned short address;
} i2c;
struct {
// 传统的匹配方式
bool (*match)(struct device *dev,
struct v4l2_async_subdev *sd);
void *priv;
} custom;
} match;
/* v4l2-async core private: not to be used by drivers */
// v4l2-async核心层使用,将此结构体挂入到notifier的waiting链表,驱动不可使用
struct list_head list;
struct list_head asd_list;
};
3)notifier 句柄:
// 源码: include/media/v4l2-async.h
/**
* struct v4l2_async_notifier_operations - Asynchronous V4L2 notifier operations
* @bound: a subdevice driver has successfully probed one of the subdevices
* @complete: All subdevices have been probed successfully. The complete
* callback is only executed for the root notifier.
* @unbind: a subdevice is leaving
*/
struct v4l2_async_notifier_operations {
// 驱动匹配到从设备后调用此函数
int (*bound)(struct v4l2_async_notifier *notifier,
struct v4l2_subdev *subdev,
struct v4l2_async_subdev *asd);
// 所有从设备被probed成功,调用此函数
int (*complete)(struct v4l2_async_notifier *notifier);
// 从设备注销时调用此函数
void (*unbind)(struct v4l2_async_notifier *notifier,
struct v4l2_subdev *subdev,
struct v4l2_async_subdev *asd);
};
/**
* struct v4l2_async_notifier - v4l2_device notifier data
*
* @ops: notifier operations
* @v4l2_dev: v4l2_device of the root notifier, NULL otherwise
* @sd: sub-device that registered the notifier, NULL otherwise
* @parent: parent notifier
* @asd_list: master list of struct v4l2_async_subdev
* @waiting: list of struct v4l2_async_subdev, waiting for their drivers
* @done: list of struct v4l2_subdev, already probed
* @list: member in a global list of notifiers
*/
struct v4l2_async_notifier {
const struct v4l2_async_notifier_operations *ops;
// 指向struct v4l2_device
struct v4l2_device *v4l2_dev;
struct v4l2_subdev *sd;
struct v4l2_async_notifier *parent;
struct list_head asd_list;
// v4l2_async_subdev的链表,等待匹配drivers
struct list_head waiting;
// 已经probed的v4l2_subdev链表
struct list_head done;
// 挂在全局的notifiers链表上
struct list_head list;
};
V4L2主从设备匹配过程分析
V4L2主设备和从设备采用异步的匹配方法。首先介绍一下异步匹配用到的方法。主设备使用 v4l2_async_notifier_register 函数进行异步匹配,匹配到从设备,则调用 v4l2_device_register_subdev 函数注册从设备,使用 v4l2_async_notifier_unregister 函数异步取消匹配。
从设备使用 v4l2_async_register_subdev 函数异步匹配主设备,若匹配到主设备,则调用 v4l2_device_register_subdev 函数注册从设备,使用 v4l2_async_unregister_subdev 函数异步取消匹配。
匹配的方法由 v4l2_async_subdev 结构体决定,主设备可以有多个 v4l2_async_subdev 结构体,也说明主设备有多种匹配从设备的方法。match_type表示匹配方式,由枚举 v4l2_async_match_type 定义,具体有使用设备名称匹配-V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_DEVNAME 、使用I2C adapter ID and address进行匹配-V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_I2C等 。联合体match中包含了具体的匹配信息,根据匹配方式进行设置。v4l2_async_notifier 管理整个匹配过程,未匹配的 v4l2_async_subdev 结构体被挂到waiting链表 ,匹配完成的挂到 done链表 同时调用 bound函数 进行绑定。
V4L2主设备匹配过程
以sun6i_csi为例分析主设备和从设备的匹配过程。
1)首先初始化需要匹配的 v4l2_async_notifier 结构体,主要设备匹配方式、bound函数、complete函数。示例如下:
a)初始化 v4l2_async_notifier 结构体 b)实现 v4l2_async_notifier ops c)注册 v4l2_async_notifier
// 源码: drivers/media/platform/sunxi/sun6i-csi/sun6i_csi.c
// 源码: drivers/media/platform/sunxi/sun6i-csi/sun6i_csi.h
struct sun6i_csi {
......
struct v4l2_async_notifier notifier;
/* video port settings */
struct v4l2_fwnode_endpoint v4l2_ep;
......
};
static const struct v4l2_async_notifier_operations sun6i_csi_async_ops = {
.complete = sun6i_subdev_notify_complete,
};
static int sun6i_csi_v4l2_init(struct sun6i_csi *csi)
{
.......
// 初始化 notifier,实为初始化 notifier 的 asd_list 链表
v4l2_async_notifier_init(&csi->notifier);
......
// 解析 endpoint,以及调用 v4l2_async_notifier_fwnode_parse_endpoint
// 申请 asd, match_type = V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_FWNODE ,
// 将其添加到 notifier asd_list 链表中
ret = v4l2_async_notifier_parse_fwnode_endpoints(csi->dev,
&csi->notifier,
sizeof(struct v4l2_async_subdev),
sun6i_csi_fwnode_parse);
if (ret)
goto clean_video;
// 初始化 notifier 的 ops,在此只实现了 complete 函数
csi->notifier.ops = &sun6i_csi_async_ops;
// 注册当前 notifier 到 全局 notifier 链表中,并将 当前 notifier 与 V4L2 主设备绑定
ret = v4l2_async_notifier_register(&csi->v4l2_dev, &csi->notifier);
if (ret) {
dev_err(csi->dev, "notifier registration failed\n");
goto clean_video;
}
return 0;
......
}
(2)设置v4l2_async_notifier的v4l2_dev指针指向主设备的v4l2_device结构体。
// 源码: drivers/media/v4l2-core/v4l2-async.c
int v4l2_async_notifier_register(struct v4l2_device *v4l2_dev,
struct v4l2_async_notifier *notifier)
{
int ret;
if (WARN_ON(!v4l2_dev || notifier->sd))
return -EINVAL;
// notifier 的 v4l2_dev 指向当前 主设备v4l2_dev
notifier->v4l2_dev = v4l2_dev;
// 注册当前 notifier 到 全局 notifier 链表中,
// 并执行异步机制
ret = __v4l2_async_notifier_register(notifier);
if (ret)
notifier->v4l2_dev = NULL;
return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(v4l2_async_notifier_register);
(3)调用 __v4l2_async_notifier_register, 初始化当前 notifier 中的 waitting、done链表 (4)将当前 notifier asd_list链表中的v4l2_async_subdev,添加到其 waitting链表 (5) 调用 v4l2_async_notifier_try_all_subdevs,匹配 subdev及注册subdev,并调用当前notifier bound函数 (6)匹配完成,调用 v4l2_async_notifier_try_complete进行回调 当前notifier complete函数 (7)将当前 notifier 添加到全局的 notifier_list 链表中
a)__v4l2_async_notifier_register 函数解析:
// 源码: drivers/media/v4l2-core/v4l2-async.c
static int __v4l2_async_notifier_register(struct v4l2_async_notifier *notifier)
{
struct v4l2_async_subdev *asd;
int ret, i = 0;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(¬ifier->waiting); // 初始化 wait 链表
INIT_LIST_HEAD(¬ifier->done); // 初始化 done 链表
mutex_lock(&list_lock);
// 遍历 asd 链表,查找 v4l2_async_subdev, 并将其添加到 waitting 链表
list_for_each_entry(asd, ¬ifier->asd_list, asd_list) {
ret = v4l2_async_notifier_asd_valid(notifier, asd, i++);
if (ret)
goto err_unlock;
list_add_tail(&asd->list, ¬ifier->waiting);
}
// 匹配 subdev 设备, 及调用 notifier bound函数
ret = v4l2_async_notifier_try_all_subdevs(notifier);
if (ret < 0)
goto err_unbind;
// 匹配完成,调用 notifier complete函数
ret = v4l2_async_notifier_try_complete(notifier);
if (ret < 0)
goto err_unbind;
/* Keep also completed notifiers on the list */
// 将当前 notifier 添加到 全局notifier_list
list_add(¬ifier->list, ¬ifier_list);
mutex_unlock(&list_lock);
return 0;
err_unbind:
/*
* On failure, unbind all sub-devices registered through this notifier.
*/
v4l2_async_notifier_unbind_all_subdevs(notifier);
err_unlock:
mutex_unlock(&list_lock);
return ret;
}
b)v4l2_async_notifier_try_all_subdevs 函数解析:
// 源码: drivers/media/v4l2-core/v4l2-async.c
/* Test all async sub-devices in a notifier for a match. */
static int
v4l2_async_notifier_try_all_subdevs(struct v4l2_async_notifier *notifier)
{
struct v4l2_device *v4l2_dev =
v4l2_async_notifier_find_v4l2_dev(notifier);
struct v4l2_subdev *sd;
if (!v4l2_dev)
return 0;
again:
// 遍历subdev_list链表,所有从设备的v4l2_subdev结构体都挂到subdev_list链表
list_for_each_entry(sd, &subdev_list, async_list) {
struct v4l2_async_subdev *asd;
int ret;
// 判断子设备的v4l2_subdev是否和主设备的notifier匹配,
// 匹配则返回v4l2_async_subdev结构体
asd = v4l2_async_find_match(notifier, sd);
if (!asd)
continue;
// 注册 subdev,并调用 notifier 的 bound函数
ret = v4l2_async_match_notify(notifier, v4l2_dev, sd, asd);
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
/*
* v4l2_async_match_notify() may lead to registering a
* new notifier and thus changing the async subdevs
* list. In order to proceed safely from here, restart
* parsing the list from the beginning.
*/
goto again;
}
return 0;
}
V4L2从设备匹配过程
以ov7251为例,进行分析主设备和从设备的匹配过程。
(1)subdev的异步注册——调用 v4l2_async_register_subdev 异步注册 subdev
//源码: drivers/media/i2c/ov7251.c
static int ov7251_probe(struct i2c_client *client)
{
struct device *dev = &client->dev;
struct fwnode_handle *endpoint;
struct ov7251 *ov7251;
u8 chip_id_high, chip_id_low, chip_rev;
int ret;
......
ret = v4l2_async_register_subdev(&ov7251->sd);
if (ret < 0) {
dev_err(dev, "could not register v4l2 device\n");
goto free_entity;
}
......
return ret;
}
(2)遍历全局 notifier_list 获取已注册的 notifier (3)根据当前获取到的 notifier,调用 v4l2_async_find_match根据 match_type 进行匹配 (4)匹配成功,则调用 v4l2_async_match_notify 注册 subdev,以及回调 notifier 的 bound 函数 (5)bound成功,调用 v4l2_async_notifier_try_complete 回调 notifier 的 complete 函数
v4l2_async_register_subdev 函数分析:
// 源码: drivers/media/v4l2-core/v4l2-async.c
int v4l2_async_register_subdev(struct v4l2_subdev *sd)
{
struct v4l2_async_notifier *subdev_notifier;
struct v4l2_async_notifier *notifier;
int ret;
/*
* No reference taken. The reference is held by the device
* (struct v4l2_subdev.dev), and async sub-device does not
* exist independently of the device at any point of time.
*/
if (!sd->fwnode && sd->dev)
sd->fwnode = dev_fwnode(sd->dev);
mutex_lock(&list_lock);
// 初始化当前 subdev 的 async_list 链表
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sd->async_list);
// 遍历 全局notifier_list,查找已注册的 notifier
list_for_each_entry(notifier, ¬ifier_list, list) {
// 获取当前 notifier 的主设备 v4l2_device
struct v4l2_device *v4l2_dev =
v4l2_async_notifier_find_v4l2_dev(notifier);
struct v4l2_async_subdev *asd;
if (!v4l2_dev)
continue;
// 调用match函数,进行设备匹配
// 匹配方式有以下几种:
// V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_CUSTOM
// V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_DEVNAME
// V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_I2C
// V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_FWNODE
asd = v4l2_async_find_match(notifier, sd);
if (!asd)
continue;
// 注册subdev设备,并调用notify中的bound函数
ret = v4l2_async_match_notify(notifier, v4l2_dev, sd, asd);
if (ret)
goto err_unbind;
// 调用notify中的complete函数
ret = v4l2_async_notifier_try_complete(notifier);
if (ret)
goto err_unbind;
goto out_unlock;
}
/* None matched, wait for hot-plugging */
list_add(&sd->async_list, &subdev_list);
out_unlock:
mutex_unlock(&list_lock);
return 0;
err_unbind:
/*
* Complete failed. Unbind the sub-devices bound through registering
* this async sub-device.
*/
subdev_notifier = v4l2_async_find_subdev_notifier(sd);
if (subdev_notifier)
v4l2_async_notifier_unbind_all_subdevs(subdev_notifier);
if (sd->asd)
v4l2_async_notifier_call_unbind(notifier, sd, sd->asd);
v4l2_async_cleanup(sd);
mutex_unlock(&list_lock);
return ret;
}
V4L2异步注册过程
(1)主从设备 match
// 源码: drivers/media/v4l2-core/v4l2-async.c
static bool match_i2c(struct v4l2_subdev *sd, struct v4l2_async_subdev *asd)
{
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_I2C)
struct i2c_client *client = i2c_verify_client(sd->dev);
return client &&
asd->match.i2c.adapter_id == client->adapter->nr &&
asd->match.i2c.address == client->addr;
#else
return false;
#endif
}
static bool match_devname(struct v4l2_subdev *sd,
struct v4l2_async_subdev *asd)
{
return !strcmp(asd->match.device_name, dev_name(sd->dev));
}
static bool match_fwnode(struct v4l2_subdev *sd, struct v4l2_async_subdev *asd)
{
return sd->fwnode == asd->match.fwnode;
}
static bool match_custom(struct v4l2_subdev *sd, struct v4l2_async_subdev *asd)
{
if (!asd->match.custom.match)
/* Match always */
return true;
return asd->match.custom.match(sd->dev, asd);
}
static struct v4l2_async_subdev *
v4l2_async_find_match(struct v4l2_async_notifier *notifier,
struct v4l2_subdev *sd)
{
// 定义匹配的函数指针
bool (*match)(struct v4l2_subdev *sd, struct v4l2_async_subdev *asd);
struct v4l2_async_subdev *asd;
list_for_each_entry(asd, ¬ifier->waiting, list) {
/* bus_type has been verified valid before */
// 确认匹配方式
switch (asd->match_type) {
case V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_CUSTOM: // 传统的匹配方式
match = match_custom;
break;
case V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_DEVNAME: // 设备名称匹配方法
match = match_devname;
break;
case V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_I2C: // i2c 匹配方法
match = match_i2c;
break;
case V4L2_ASYNC_MATCH_FWNODE: // firmware node 匹配方法
match = match_fwnode;
break;
default:
/* Cannot happen, unless someone breaks us */
WARN_ON(true);
return NULL;
}
/* match cannot be NULL here */
// 根据匹配方式,调用相应的匹配方法
if (match(sd, asd))
return asd;
}
return NULL;
}
(2)主从设备 bound
// 源码: drivers/media/v4l2-core/v4l2-async.c
static int v4l2_async_match_notify(struct v4l2_async_notifier *notifier,
struct v4l2_device *v4l2_dev,
struct v4l2_subdev *sd,
struct v4l2_async_subdev *asd)
{
struct v4l2_async_notifier *subdev_notifier;
int ret;
// 注册 subdev
ret = v4l2_device_register_subdev(v4l2_dev, sd);
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
// bound非空,则调用bound函数,
// bound函数 的主要作用是设置主设备的v4l2_subdev指针,
// 使其指向匹配的从设备的v4l2_subdev结构体,从而完成主设备到从设备的绑定
ret = v4l2_async_notifier_call_bound(notifier, sd, asd);
if (ret < 0) {
v4l2_device_unregister_subdev(sd);
return ret;
}
/* Remove from the waiting list */
// 将 asd 从 waitting链表 移除
list_del(&asd->list);
// subdev 绑定 asd 及 notifier
sd->asd = asd;
sd->notifier = notifier;
/* Move from the global subdevice list to notifier's done */
// 将subdevice从async_list链表中移除后挂到done链表中
list_move(&sd->async_list, ¬ifier->done);
/*
* See if the sub-device has a notifier. If not, return here.
*/
// 检查 subdev 是否有 notifier,有则调用,无则到此,就地返回
subdev_notifier = v4l2_async_find_subdev_notifier(sd);
if (!subdev_notifier || subdev_notifier->parent)
return 0;
/*
* Proceed with checking for the sub-device notifier's async
* sub-devices, and return the result. The error will be handled by the
* caller.
*/
subdev_notifier->parent = notifier;
return v4l2_async_notifier_try_all_subdevs(subdev_notifier);
}
(3)主从设备complete
// 源码: drivers/media/v4l2-core/v4l2-async.c
/*
* Complete the master notifier if possible. This is done when all async
* sub-devices have been bound; v4l2_device is also available then.
*/
static int
v4l2_async_notifier_try_complete(struct v4l2_async_notifier *notifier)
{
/* Quick check whether there are still more sub-devices here. */
if (!list_empty(¬ifier->waiting))
return 0;
/* Check the entire notifier tree; find the root notifier first. */
while (notifier->parent)
notifier = notifier->parent;
/* This is root if it has v4l2_dev. */
if (!notifier->v4l2_dev)
return 0;
/* Is everything ready? */
if (!v4l2_async_notifier_can_complete(notifier))
return 0;
return v4l2_async_notifier_call_complete(notifier);
}
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