[系统运维]实训十二：路由器静态路由配置

一、 实验目的

1. 理解路由表
2. 掌握静态路由的配置

二、 应用环境

1. 在小规模环境里，静态路由是最佳的选择
2. 静态路由开销小，但不灵活，适用于相对稳定的网络

三、 实验设备

1、DCR-2655 三台
2、网线（交叉线） 四条

四、 实验拓扑

五、实验要求

六、 实验步骤

第一步：按照上方配置表配置所有接口的 IP 地址，保证所有接口全部是 up 状态，测试连通性如 R1 配置：

Router_config#hostname R1 
R1_config# 
R1_config#interface gigaEthernet 0/3 
R1_config_g0/3#ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0 
R1_config_g0/3#exit 
R1_config#interface gigaEthernet 0/4 
R1_config_g0/4#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 
R1_config_g0/4#exit 
R2 、R3 配置如上

第二步：查看 R1 的路由表

R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP, BC - BGP connected
 D - BEIGRP, DEX - external BEIGRP, O - OSPF, OIA - OSPF inter area
 ON1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
 OE1 - OSPF external type 1, OE2 - OSPF external type 2
 DHCP - DHCP type, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
VRF ID: 0
C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/3 ！直连的路由 
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/4 

第三步：查看 R2 的路由表

R2_config#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP, BC - BGP connected
 D - BEIGRP, DEX - external BEIGRP, O - OSPF, OIA - OSPF inter area
 ON1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
 OE1 - OSPF external type 1, OE2 - OSPF external type 2
 DHCP - DHCP type, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
VRF ID: 0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/4 
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/3 

第四步：查看 R3 的路由表

R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP, BC - BGP connected
 D - BEIGRP, DEX - external BEIGRP, O - OSPF, OIA - OSPF inter area
 ON1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
 OE1 - OSPF external type 1, OE2 - OSPF external type 2
 DHCP - DHCP type, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
VRF ID: 0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/3 
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/4 

第五步：在 R1 上 PING R3

R1#ping 192.168.2.2
PING 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2): 56 data bytes
.....
--- 192.168.2.2 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss ！不通

第六步：在 R1 上配置静态路由

R1#config
R1_config#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 ！配置目标网段和下一跳
R1_config#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2

第七步：查看路由表

R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP, BC - BGP connected
 D - BEIGRP, DEX - external BEIGRP, O - OSPF, OIA - OSPF inter area
 ON1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
 OE1 - OSPF external type 1, OE2 - OSPF external type 2
 DHCP - DHCP type, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
VRF ID: 0
C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/3
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/4
S 192.168.2.0/24 [1,0] via 192.168.1.2(onGigaEthernet0/4) 
 ！注意静态路由 AD 是 1 
S 192.168.3.0/24 [1,0] via 192.168.1.2(on GigaEthernet0/4) 

第八步：配置 R2 的静态路由并查看路由表

R2#config
R2_config#ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1
R2_config#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
R2_config#
R2#show ip route 
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP, BC - BGP connected
 D - BEIGRP, DEX - external BEIGRP, O - OSPF, OIA - OSPF inter area
 ON1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
 OE1 - OSPF external type 1, OE2 - OSPF external type 2
 DHCP - DHCP type, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
VRF ID: 0 
S 192.168.0.0/24 [1,0] via 192.168.1.1(on GigaEthernet0/4) 
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/4 
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/3 
S 192.168.3.0/24 [1,0] via 192.168.2.2(onGigaEthernet0/3) 

第九步：配置 R3 的静态路由并查看路由表

R3#config
R3_config#ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.2.1 ！采用超网的方法
R3_config#
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP, BC - BGP connected
 D - BEIGRP, DEX - external BEIGRP, O - OSPF, OIA - OSPF inter area
 ON1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
 OE1 - OSPF external type 1, OE2 - OSPF external type 2
 DHCP - DHCP type, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
VRF ID: 0
S 192.168.0.0/16 [1,0] via 192.168.2.1(on GigaEthernet0/3) ！采用超网的方法 
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/3 
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/4 

第十步：测试

R3#ping 192.168.0.1
PING 192.168.0.1 (192.168.0.1): 56 data bytes
!!!!! ！成功
--- 192.168.0.1 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0/0/0 ms

七、注意事项和排错

1. 非直连的网段都要配置路由
2. 使用静态路由时，要进行双向配置，以做到数据包双向寻址
3. 以太网接口要接主机或交换机才能 up
4. 只有动态路由的条目才能被缓冲，静态路由是不会被缓冲的

八、相关配置命令详解

ip route
监控状态下使用本命令 ip route 可以指定缺省网关。
ip route default gw_ip_addr

缺省 ：无
命令模式： 监控状态
使用说明 ：下一跳可以是具体的 ip 地址（该 ip 与路由器某接口地址处于相同网段），也可以是本地端口名称（常用于拨号线路）

示例 
 monitor#ip route default 192.168.1.3