[系统运维] BGP协议下的路由聚合、路由反射器、联邦的具体配置与运用（详解）

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[系统运维]BGP协议下的路由聚合、路由反射器、联邦的具体配置与运用（详解）

? ? ? ?想要了解BGP协议下的路由聚合、路由反射器、联邦的具体命令配置，需要5通过如下的小实验来模拟现实网络环境来了解与掌握BGP协议。

?要求：1、AS1存在两个环回，一个IP地址为192.168.1.0/24该地址不能在任何协议中宣告

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?AS3中存在两个环回，一个IP地址为192.168.2.0/24该地址不能在任何协议中宣告，最终要求这两个环回可以互相通讯

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?AS1的另一个环回为10.0.0.0/24，AS3的另一个环回为11.0.0.0/24

? ? ? ? ? ?2、整个AS2的IP地址为172.16.0.0/16，请合理划分

? ? ? ? ? ?3、AS间的骨干链路IP地址随意定制

? ? ? ? ? ?4、使用BGP协议让整个网络的环回可以互相访问

? ? ? ? ? ?5、减少路由条目数量，避免环回出现

一、首先给AS2区域根据172.16.0.0/16网段进行合理划分

二、按照划分的网段对路由器的接口进行IP地址的配置

（3）AS2区域中64512内R/2/3/4之间建立联邦

（4）AS2区域中64513内的R/5/6/7之间建立联邦

（5）R2与R5之间建立EBGP邻居关系

（6）R4与R7之间建立EBGP邻居关系

（7）R2与R5之间，R4与R7之间建立EBGP关系后还需修改TTL值

五、路由反射器

在R3与R6上配置路由反射器用来打破IBGP的水平分割

（3）此时便可使R1与R8的另外两个环回互相访问

一、首先给AS2区域根据172.16.0.0/16网段进行合理划分

172.16.0.0/18-----AS 64512? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 172.16.64.0/18----AS 64513

? ? ? ?172.16.0.0/21? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?172.16.64.0/21

???????172.16.8.0/21? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?172.16.72.0/21

???????172.16.16.0/21 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????172.16.80.0/21

???????172.16.24.0/21 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????172.16.88.0/21

???????172.16.32.0/21? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?172.16.96.0/21

???????172.16.40.0/21 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????172.16.104.0/21

???????172.16.48.0/21? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?172.16.112.0/21

???????172.16.56.0/21 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????172.16.120.0/21

???????172.16.128.0/18----骨干一

???????172.16.192.0/18----骨干二

二、按照划分的网段对路由器的接口进行IP地址的配置

（1）R1

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.1 24
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.1 24
[R1-LoopBack1]ip add 10.0.0.1 24

（2）R2

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.0.1 21
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 172.16.128.1 18

（3）R3

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.0.2 21
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.8.1 21
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.24.1 21

（4）R4

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.8.2 21
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.192.1 18
[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.32.1 21

（5）R5

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.128.2 18
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.64.1 21
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.80.1 21

（6）R6

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.64.2 21
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.72.1 21
[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.88.1 21

（7）R7

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.72.2 21
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.192.2 21
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 78.0.0.1 24
[R7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.96.1 21

（8）R8

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 78.0.0.2 24
[R8-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.2.1 24
[R8-LoopBack1]ip add 11.0.0.1 24

三、在每个路由器上配置ospf协议

（1）R1

[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]a 0	
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.1 0.0.0.0	
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 12.0.0.1 0.0.0.0

（2）R2

[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 12.0.0.2 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.1 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.16.1 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.128.1 0.0.0.0

（3）R3

[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]a 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.2 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.24.1 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.8.1 0.0.0.0

（4）R4

[R4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-ospf-1]a 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.8.2 0.0.0.0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.32.1 0.0.0.0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.192.1 0.0.0.0

（5）R5

[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]a 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.128.2 0.0.0.0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.64.1 0.0.0.0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.80.1 0.0.0.0

（6）R6

[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]a 0	
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.64.2 0.0.0.0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.72.1 0.0.0.0	
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.88.1 0.0.0.0

（7）R7?

[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1]a 0	
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.72.2 0.0.0.0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.96.1 0.0.0.0	
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 78.0.0.1 0.0.0.0

（8）R8

[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[R8-ospf-1]a 0
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 78.0.0.2 0.0.0.0
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 11.0.0.1 0.0.0.0

四、对路由器进行BGP边界网关协议的配置

（1）R1与R2之间进行EBGP的建立

[R1]bgp 1
[R1-bgp]router-id 1.1.1.1	
[R1-bgp]peer 12.0.0.2 as-number 2
[R1-bgp]
Oct 15 2022 19:06:40-08:00 R1 %%01BGP/3/STATE_CHG_UPDOWN(l)[0]:The status of the
 peer 12.0.0.2 changed from OPENCONFIRM to ESTABLISHED. (InstanceName=Public, St
ateChangeReason=Up)  

[R2]bgp 64512	
[R2-bgp]peer 12.0.0.1 as-number 1
[R2-bgp]
Oct 15 2022 20:00:57-08:00 R2 %%01BGP/3/STATE_CHG_UPDOWN(l)[0]:The status of the
 peer 12.0.0.1 changed from OPENCONFIRM to ESTABLISHED. (InstanceName=Public, St
ateChangeReason=Up)

（2）R7与R8之间进行EBGP的建立

[R7]bgp 2
[R7-bgp]router-id 7.7.7.7	
[R7-bgp]peer 78.0.0.2 as-number 3
[R7-bgp]
Oct 15 2022 20:02:38-08:00 R7 %%01BGP/3/STATE_CHG_UPDOWN(l)[0]:The status of the
 peer 78.0.0.2 changed from OPENCONFIRM to ESTABLISHED. (InstanceName=Public, St
ateChangeReason=Up)  


[R8]bgp 3
[R8-bgp]router-id 8.8.8.8	
[R8-bgp]peer 78.0.0.1 as-number 2
[R8-bgp]
Oct 15 2022 19:12:31-08:00 R8 %%01BGP/3/STATE_CHG_UPDOWN(l)[0]:The status of the
 peer 78.0.0.1 changed from OPENCONFIRM to ESTABLISHED. (InstanceName=Public, St
ateChangeReason=Up)

（3）AS2区域中64512内R/2/3/4之间建立联邦

[R2]bgp 64512	
[R2-bgp]confederation id 2
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.24.1 as-number 64512
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.24.1 next-hop-local


[R3]bgp 64512
[R3-bgp]confederation id 2
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.16.1 as-number 64512
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.16.1 next-hop-local	
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.32.1 as-number 64512
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.32.1 next-hop-local

[R4]bgp 64512	
[R4-bgp]confederation id 2
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.24.1 as-number 64512
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.24.1 next-hop-local

（4）AS2区域中64513内的R/5/6/7之间建立联邦

[R5]bgp 64513
[R5-bgp]confederation id 2	
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.88.1 as-number 64513
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.88.1 next-hop-local

[R6]bgp 64513	
[R6-bgp]confederation id 2	
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.80.1 as-number 64513
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.80.1 next-hop-local
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.96.1 as-number 64513
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.96.1 next-hop-local

[R7]bgp 64513	
[R7-bgp]confederation id 2	
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.88.1 as-number 64513
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.88.1 next-hop-local

（5）R2与R5之间建立EBGP邻居关系

[R2]bgp 64512	
[R2-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513	
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.128.2 as-number 64513
[R2-bgp]
Oct 15 2022 19:51:13-08:00 R2 %%01BGP/3/STATE_CHG_UPDOWN(l)[0]:The status of the
 peer 172.16.128.2 changed from OPENCONFIRM to ESTABLISHED. (InstanceName=Public
, StateChangeReason=Up)  

[R5]bgp 64513	
[R5-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512	
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.128.1 as-number 64512
[R5-bgp]
Oct 15 2022 19:51:13-08:00 R5 %%01BGP/3/STATE_CHG_UPDOWN(l)[0]:The status of the
 peer 172.16.128.1 changed from OPENCONFIRM to ESTABLISHED. (InstanceName=Public
, StateChangeReason=Up)

（6）R4与R7之间建立EBGP邻居关系

[R4]bgp 64512	
[R4-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513	
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.192.2 as-number 64513
[R4-bgp]
Oct 15 2022 19:55:22-08:00 R4 %%01BGP/3/STATE_CHG_UPDOWN(l)[0]:The status of the
 peer 172.16.192.2 changed from OPENCONFIRM to ESTABLISHED. (InstanceName=Public
, StateChangeReason=Up)  

[R7]bgp 64513
[R7-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512	
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.192.1 as-number 64512
[R7-bgp]
Oct 15 2022 19:55:22-08:00 R7 %%01BGP/3/STATE_CHG_UPDOWN(l)[0]:The status of the
 peer 172.16.192.1 changed from OPENCONFIRM to ESTABLISHED. (InstanceName=Public
, StateChangeReason=Up)

（7）R2与R5之间，R4与R7之间建立EBGP关系后还需修改TTL值

[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.128.2 ebgp-max-hop
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.128.1 ebgp-max-hop

[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.192.2 ebgp-max-hop
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.192.1 ebgp-max-hop

五、路由反射器

反射规则

1，如果路由反射器从自己客户处学习到一条路由信息，则他将把该路由信息反射给自

己所有的客户以及非客户。

2，如果RR从自己的非客户处学习到一条路由信息，则他将把该路由信息反射给自己所

有的客户。

"非非不传"

3，当路由器执行路由反射时，他只将自己使用的最优的BGP路由进行反射

在R3与R6上配置路由反射器用来打破IBGP的水平分割

[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.16.1 reflect-client 
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.80.1 reflect-client

六、整个网络的环回可以互相访问

<R1>ping 172.16.16.1
  PING 172.16.16.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 172.16.16.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=40 ms
    Reply from 172.16.16.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 172.16.16.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 172.16.16.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=10 ms
    Reply from 172.16.16.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms

  --- 172.16.16.1 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 10/22/40 ms

<R1>ping 172.16.24.1
  PING 172.16.24.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 172.16.24.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 172.16.24.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 172.16.24.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 172.16.24.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=20 ms
    Reply from 172.16.24.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=20 ms

  --- 172.16.24.1 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 20/28/40 ms

<R1>ping 172.16.32.1
  PING 172.16.32.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 172.16.32.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=253 time=40 ms
    Reply from 172.16.32.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=253 time=30 ms
    Reply from 172.16.32.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=253 time=40 ms
    Reply from 172.16.32.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=253 time=30 ms
    Reply from 172.16.32.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=253 time=30 ms

  --- 172.16.32.1 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 30/34/40 ms

<R1>ping 172.16.88.1
  PING 172.16.88.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 172.16.88.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=253 time=40 ms
    Reply from 172.16.88.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=253 time=40 ms
    Reply from 172.16.88.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=253 time=40 ms
    Reply from 172.16.88.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=253 time=30 ms
    Reply from 172.16.88.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=253 time=40 ms

  --- 172.16.88.1 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 30/38/40 ms

<R1>ping 172.16.96.1
  PING 172.16.96.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 172.16.96.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=252 time=60 ms
    Reply from 172.16.96.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=252 time=40 ms
    Reply from 172.16.96.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=252 time=40 ms
    Reply from 172.16.96.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=252 time=50 ms
    Reply from 172.16.96.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=252 time=50 ms

  --- 172.16.96.1 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 40/48/60 ms

<R1>

七、创建虚拟隧道

（1）对R1

[r1]int t0/0/1
[r1-Tunnel0/0/1]ip add 192.168.3.1 24	
[r1-Tunnel0/0/1]tunnel-protocol gre 
[r1-Tunnel0/0/1]source 10.0.0.1
[r1-Tunnel0/0/1]description 11.0.0.1
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 192.168.3.2

（2）对R8

[r8]int t0/0/1
[r8-Tunnel0/0/1]ip add 192.168.3.2 24
[r8-Tunnel0/0/1]tunnel-protocol gre 
[r8-Tunnel0/0/1]source 11.0.0.1
[r8-Tunnel0/0/1]description 10.0.0.1
[r8]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.3.1